In 2019, Covid-19 has been declared as a global pandemic. Online remote teaching and learning is the most practical solution to continue teaching and learning particularly at tertiary institutions. There is a drastic change from face-to-face teaching and learning to a fully online teaching and learning environment. Tertiary institutions need to ensure that they consolidate the curriculum and adjust it in accordance with online teaching and learning. In accordance with the new normal in teaching and learning, educators must adapt to new and creative strategies to engage students during online remote teaching and learning. This paper is a literature review on 1) the challenges faced by tertiary institution educators in online remote teaching and learning and 2) strategies that they used to carry out their teaching during this Covid-19 outbreak in order to overcome those challenges.
INTRODUCTION: The concomitant intake of herbal medicine and conventional medicine amongst patients is steadily increasing worldwide. However, concerns have been raised regarding potential adverse effects and drug interactions when consuming both medications together. Therefore, this work aimed to comprehending the perception of Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) patients on conventional medicine and the manner of its use with herbal medicine in managing diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among 28 diabetic patients in four government clinics under the jurisdiction of the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit informants who consumed herbal medicine alongside their prescribed conventional medicine. This study employed semi-structured interviews, which were all digitally recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. RESULTS: This study found that most of the patients perceived the negative side effects of conventional medicine, which led them to consider incorporating herbal medicine in treating diabetes. Such perception was influenced by the personal experiences of their family members and friends. A majority of the informants utilised herbal medicine as a complementary consumption to conventional medicine as opposed to implementing it as an alternative. However, they would alter the dosage and intake time of conventional medicine for several reasons, such as to complement their herbal medicine intake, being fed-up with conventional medicine, and reduce the risk of its side effects. Lastly, this study revealed that some of the patients noted their intention to discontinue conventional medicine, while some even tried to quit. CONCLUSIONS: A complete understanding of patient’s perceptions regarding conventional medicine and its usage with herbal medicine will aid healthcare providers to deliver education on the importance of conventional medicine usage compliance. Additionally, people should be aware that its combination with herbal medicine when consumed may present adverse effects and subsequently cause serious health problems.
The sharing of health information by educating patients and encouraging them to seek relevant information is one of the main strategies in disease prevention. By evaluating patient's information seeking behaviour and identifying the health information seeking trends, it is possible to establish effective techniques to deliver the necessary information to the patients to enhance their self-management skills. It is critical to keep people informed about effective preventative techniques that can control their disease progression. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the role and importance of health information seeking behaviour among people with diabetes in Malaysia.
The use of herbal medicine (HM) and its products has significantly increased in the past decade. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM) are always rendering herbal medicine as an alternative to the current option of treatment to manage their disease. This article is aimed to explore the extent of communication process of patients who disclose their HM usage to healthcare providers (HCPs) and HCP’s experiences in managing these patients. Purposive sampling method was applied in this qualitative study, which involved 28 respondents from four government clinics in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A semi-structured interview was developed for the in-depth interview (IDI) and focus group interview (FGD). Both IDIs and FGDs were audio-recorded and conducted for approximately (40–60) minutes. The contents were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. The majority of T2DM patients did not reveal their HM usage due to fear of negative feedback, never been inquired by HCP and bad experiences after disclosure. Whereas, patients will disclose if they have a good rapport with HCPs and HCP asked patients courteously. However, HCPs reported that they did not discuss HM usage with patients due to limited knowledge, patients refuse to admit and time constraint to consult patients. Communication between T2DM patients and HCPs during consultation concerning the proper use of HM alongside modern medicine needs to be improved. Therefore, a better understanding factor of HM usage and its disclosure would make patients more open-minded to discuss and encourage HCPs to be attentive to avoid any potential adverse effects in HM usage.
The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the education sectors globally. The sudden shift from traditional face to face learning to online teaching and learning brings various challenges to English teachers, particularly in tertiary institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the online teaching and learning challenges faced by teachers teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) in Islamic tertiary institutions in Malaysia and teachers teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative research design used in this study was a case study using focus group interviews (FGI), individual open-ended responses via Google Form and a discussion thread via Whatsapp. Purposive sampling was used, and 10 English teachers from Islamic tertiary institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia were chosen as the participants in this study. The data in this study was analysed through NVIVO applications and categorized according to themes. The findings revealed that among the challenges English teachers faced in ESL/EFL online teaching and learning are a lack of technological skills to teach online, constraints in terms of internet accessibility and devices used for teaching and learning, and effective interaction in online teaching and learning. The findings from this study could potentially be utilised to plan strategies and produce practical solutions to overcome the challenges in conducting online teaching and learning among English teachers in any tertiary learning institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia in the future.
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