This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus at different soil base saturation in soybean production. Two experiments were conducted (greenhouse and field) in the 2016/2017 growing season in a DBC experimental design, with a factorial arrangement 3 (base saturation) x 4 (phosphorus levels), with four replications. Number of pods per plant (NVP), number of grains per plant (NGP), first pod height (A1V), number of grains per pod (NGV), one thousand grain weight (PMG) and yield (PROD) were evaluated. In the greenhouse experiment, there was a significant difference for the interaction SxP (base saturation x phosphorus levels) for the variables NVP, NGP and yield, and for the field experiment, only the yield was significant. For the base saturation, only the A1V was significant and for the phosphorus, only the NVP had a significant effect. Phosphorus fertilization in Cerrado soils increases soybean yield and has an agronomic efficiency of 14.59 kg in soils with 50% base saturation and 12.87 kg soybean grains per kilogram of phosphorus applied in soils with base saturation at 70%, within high yield standards.
The objective of this study was to find the best potassium dose to increase soybean yield, taking into account the economic viability of the crop in the studied region. Sixteen treatments of the interaction between potassium doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and application times (sowing, vegetative stage (V3), vegetative stage V3 + reproductive stage (R1) and reproductive stage). The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant growth and production characteristics were analyzed and a preliminary analysis of variance was applied to check the significance of the interactions for each characteristic by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Subsequently, the regression analysis was performed using SAS software (2013). The economic analysis was made using the Monte Carlo methodology (Lima, 2008), and processed with the software @Risk 7 (PALISADE, 2016). Potassium fertilization was positive with increase in yield, but there was no direct relation with the application period. The 109 KCl ha-1 dose provided greater economic viability in soybean cultivation.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of cowpea seeds and the economic viability of storage in different types of packaging and with different chemical treatments. Seeds were submitted to one of the following chemical treatments of active ingredients: fipronil; fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl; and fludioxonil + metalaxyl. Seeds without chemical treatment constituted the control. Seeds were placed in permeable cotton bags, permeable raffia bags, semipermeable kraft paper bags, and impermeable PET bottles. The following were evaluated: seed moisture content; germination test; first germination count; germination speed index; hypocotyl length; root length and hypocotyl dry mass and root dry mass. Cost analysis of treatments was also performed. The physiological quality of cowpea seeds was more markedly reduced under storage conditions in permeable packages with fludioxonil + metalaxyl treatment. Impermeable packaging without chemical treatment decreased deterioration of physiological quality in cowpea seeds and is economically viable for a storage period of up to 90 days.
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