RESUMENEste artículo analiza la evolución de las disparidades regionales de la mortalidad de los jóvenes españoles entre 1860 y 1960. En primer lugar, muestra que las infecciones digestivas fueron la causa inmediata de la sobremortalidad española y la causa más importante también de sus variaciones regionales internas. En segundo lugar, considera el singular contexto ecológico de las regiones de la España húmeda como el factor decisivo para explicar las ventajas comparativas que en términos de salud y sobrevivencia alcanzaron aquellas regiones antes de finales del siglo Xix. Finalmente explica por qué a partir de entonces, con los descubrimientos de la microbiología, se estableció una nueva y más estrecha relación entre la renta y la mortalidad regionales.
ABSTRACTIn this work we analyse the changes in the regional distribution of mortality for young Spaniards between 1860 and 1960. First we show that digestive infectious diseases were the immediate cause of excess mortality in Spain compared to Northern and Central European countries. These diseases were also the main factor in the regional differences of mortality in Spain. In our second point we single out the peculiar ecological setting of Atlantic Spanish regions as the most important factor for their comparative advantage in morbidity and mortality at the end of the nineteenth century, relative to the rest of Spain and also to some Northern European regions. In the last part we argüe that it was the microbiological revolution that established the direct relation between the standard of living and regional mortality differences that characterise Spain in the twentieth century.
Papers, 2010, 95/3 633-653 La modernización de los comportamientos de fecundidad en España durante el siglo XX. Un estudio a nivel provincial para las generaciones nacidas en la primera mitad del siglo XX
ResumenEn este trabajo, hacemos un análisis exploratorio de una fuente poco utilizada para el estudio de los comportamientos demográficos provinciales, la pregunta en los censos sobre el número de hijos nacidos vivos que tuvieron las mujeres antes del censo. Hacemos un aná-lisis temporal de la progresión del control de la fecundidad y de coherencia territorial de las evoluciones, presentando pistas sobre las causas probables de los cambios detectados. El principal tipo de indicador utilizado es la probabilidad de agrandamiento para cada rango de nacimiento. Analizamos los valores de estos indicadores e introducimos un método de detección del control de la fecundidad a partir del patrón por rango de estas probabilidades. Palabras clave: fecundidad, generación, rango de nacimiento, control de la fecundidad, probabilidad de agrandamiento, España, provincias, siglo XX.
Abstract. The Modernization of the Fertility Behaviours in Spain during the 20th Century. A study at the provincial level for the cohorts born during the first part of the CenturyIn this paper we undertake an exploratory analysis of regional fertility behaviours, using a data source still underutilized for that purpose: the results of the census question on the number of women's live births until that moment. We analyse the progression of fertility control across cohorts and the territorial coherency of the evolution in time. We discuss what might have been the causes of the observed changes. The main fertility indicator used is the cohort parity progression ratio for each birth order. We discuss the main patterns of values of these ratios found at the regional level and across cohorts. We also use an indirect method of detection of fertility control, based on the expected pattern of the parity ratios by order in a natural fertility population.
hospital diets confirm that nutrition in Spain improved in the decades that preceded the Civil War, as well as the pioneering role that sanitary institutions played in this process. The data also suggests that the process operated at different paces in the reduction of deficits in the intake of certain nutrients according to age groups and socio-economic status.
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