Introduction:Methylene blue is more widely available and less expensive than patent blue, with an apparently lower risk of anaphylaxis. Objective: The two dyes were compared regarding detection of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Method: A prospective, randomized trial involved 142 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Sixty-nine (49.3%) assigned to patent blue (group A) and 71 (50.70%) to methylene blue (group B). Thirty-five patients (25.0%) were clinical stage III or IV; 55 (38.7%) had axillary lymph nodes affected; and 69 (49.3%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients were excluded because the dye type was not recorded. Results: Patients and tumor characteristics were similar in both groups. SLNs were identified in 47 women (68.1%) in group A and 43 (60.6%) in group B (p=0.35). SLNs were affected in 22 cases (51.2%) in group A and 21 (48.8%) in group B (p=0.62). The SLN was the only node affected in 12 cases (54.5%) in group A and six (33.3%) in group B (p=0.18). The time and degree of difficulty involved in identifying the SLN were similar in both groups. There were no complications or allergies. Conclusion: Methylene blue performed as well as patent blue in identifying the SLN in breast cancer patients.
Introdução: Os homens transexuais (TX) fazem uso de androgênios por uso prolongado, eventualmente, de forma indiscriminada. Sabe-se que os androgênios endógenos têm efeito inibitório no tecido mamário, enquanto a testosterona exógena pode exercer efeito indireto na mama ao ser convertida em estrogênio pela aromatização, colaborando, assim, para aumentar o risco de câncer de mama. Objetivos: Avaliar a expressão dos receptores de estrogênio, progesterona e Ki-67 no tecido mamário de transexuais feminino para masculino, mulheres biológicas e homens com ginecomastia. Material: Estudo de série de casos que incluiu 17 pacientes, sendo 5 transexuais submetidos à adenomastectomia, que fazem acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Transexualismo do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 4 mulheres que realizaram mamoplastia redutora e 8 homens biológicos submetidos à cirurgia para correção de ginecomastia. Os espécimes cirúrgicos foram avaliados por imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: Os transexuais apresentaram menor taxa de reatividade dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona, quando comparados com mulheres e homens biológicos, e todos os pacientes em uso de androgênio tiveram expressão do Ki-67 ≤1%. A maior taxa de expressão do Ki-67 encontrada foi de 4,18% em homem com ginecomastia. Conclusão: A reatividade dos receptores de estrogênio e progesterona é menor nos pacientes transexuais feminino para masculino que fizeram uso de androgênios do que em mulheres e homens biológicos. A taxa de expressão do Ki-67 também é menor nos transexuais.
ObjectiveDescribe and characterize the forms of presentation and manifestation of the cord present in the Axillary Web Syndrome.Materials and MethodsAfter a favorable opinion from the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás, the construction of items for the Axillary Web Syndrome Classification Scale began, based on the search for concepts involved in its diagnosis. The various steps of construction, application and validation of the instrument occurred from April 2020 to August 2021. The research took place at the outpatient clinic of Mastology at Hospital das Clínicas (Goiás). In the evaluation position: supine, upper limb ipsilateral to the breast operated in abduction, extension and external rotation of the shoulder, extension and supination of the elbow, extension of the wrist and fingers, information on the specific characteristics of the cord was recorded.ResultsThe means presented by the evaluators were almost identical for the variables related to the characterization of the cord, indicating a strong correlation, Cronbach's alpha was 0.894 for evaluator 1 and 0.879 for evaluator 2, indicating strong internal consistency. Inter-rater agreement was 100% (p>0.001) for almost all variables evaluated, with the lowest Kappa coefficient (0.77 p>0.001) for “Length”.ConclusionA consensus on classification criteria can be useful among researchers and practitioners. The fibrous cord classification items compiled in this study address its forms of presentation and manifestation and contribute to standardizing the assessment and classification of Axillary Web Syndrome.
Objective: This is a cross-sectional study of the clinical indications and prevalence of breast magnetic resonance scan. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from women who had breast MRI performed at the Clínica São Marcelo and who agreed to participate in the study during the period 2020–2021. The data were extracted from the anamneses and respective medical reports of 308 women who had breast MRI scans and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 26.0. Results: The predominant age group was 40–49 years with a relative frequency of 34.9%, followed by 50–59 years representing 26.7%, women over 60 years with a frequency of 19.9% and 18–39 years with a relative frequency of 18.6%. Regarding clinical indications for breast MRI, breast lump presented 28.2% of indications, breast prosthesis control accounted for 11.7%, family history of cancer 11.7%, breast cancer control 9.4%, post-treatment control 8.4%, screening 6.5%, breast cancer follow-up 5.5%, dense breast 5.5%, family history of cancer and nodule 4.9%, preoperative 3.2%, asymmetry 2.3%, microcalcifications 1.3%, and breast cancer mutation 1.0%. In the Bi-Rads classification, higher percentage for Bi-Rads 2 represented 49.8% and Bi-Rads 3 with a frequency of 27%; Bi-Rads 4 represented 13.4%, Bi-Rads 6 with 5.5%, Bi-Rads 1 with 3.3%, and Bi-Rads 5 represented 1.0% of the classifications of the medical reports. Conclusion: This study showed the predominant age group of the women who attended was 40–49 years, and the most prevalent clinical indication for breast MRI was breast lump.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.