Rice is one of the most important staple grains in Korea and the largest starch source in addition to its usefulness in the production of beverages. Under different areas and environments of production, various pests and diseases including soil-borne plant pathogens such as plant-parasitic nematodes can compromise rice productivity. In a survey to identify plant parasitic nematodes on rice, cyst nematodes were encountered in rice fields that required characterization and identification. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU D2-D3 region and ITS region could not separate the studied species from Heterodera elachista. However, phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene of the mitochondrial DNA clearly separated H. elachista from the new species into two different clusters. Combining morphology and molecular diagnostics, the species was identified as Heterodera oryzae belonging to the 'Cyperi' group whose cysts are characterized by vulval cones that are ambifenestrate, underbridge present with bullae. Second-stage juveniles have three incisors in the lateral field with long tails and long hyaline region.
In Uganda and elsewhere in the world, tomato is an economically important vegetable and a good source of vitamins A and C. Being an important horticultural crop, its production is threatened by rootknot nematode infections that make plants susceptible to wilting, growth reduction and infection by other pathogens like bacteria and fungi. Identifying the root-knot nematode species on the crop is paramount in designing proper management strategies especially crop rotation and resistance. In this study, tomato roots infected with Meloidogyne spp. were collected from fields in Kyenjojo and Masaka districts in Uganda. Using perineal patterns and molecular diagnostics, the three most common Meloidogyne species were identified. Meloidogyne javanica omit and was the most common followed by Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne incognita.
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