The results suggest that overexpression of HER2 may serve as a biomarker for risk stratification of patients with DCIS and may help to guide treatment strategies in the future. For institutions in which HER2 testing may be performed on DCIS, patients should be counseled appropriately about the risk of upgrade to IBC.

NSM provides patients with favorable results in psychosocial, sexual, and physical well-being and overall satisfaction. Sexual well-being showed significant improvement for NSM.

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