Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose‐ and other fiber‐based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti‐UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large‐scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted.
This review describes the progress of the last decade on the synthesis of substituted benzofurans, which are useful scaffolds for the synthesis of numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals. In particular, new intramolecular and intermolecular C–C and/or C–O bond-forming processes, with transition-metal catalysis or metal-free are summarized. (1) Introduction. (2) Ring generation via intramolecular cyclization. (2.1) C7a–O bond formation: (route a). (2.2) O–C2 bond formation: (route b). (2.3) C2–C3 bond formation: (route c). (2.4) C3–C3a bond formation: (route d). (3) Ring generation via intermolecular cyclization. (3.1) C7a-O and C3–C3a bond formation (route a + d). (3.2) O–C2 and C2–C3 bond formation: (route b + c). (3.3) O–C2 and C3–C3a bond formation: (route b + d). (4) Benzannulation. (5) Conclusion.
The new motif – α,α-difluoromethyl thioamide – has been assembled starting from isothiocyanate (as thioamide precursor) and a formal difluoromethyl-carbanion generated from commercially available TMSCHF2.
New heteroaryl HIV-protease inhibitors bearing a carbamoyl spacer were synthesized in few steps and high yield, from commercially available homochiral epoxides. Different substitution patterns were introduced onto a given isopropanoyl-sulfonamide core that can have either H or benzyl group. The in vitro inhibition activity against recombinant protease showed a general beneficial effect of both carbamoyl moiety and the benzyl group, ranging the IC 50 values between 11 and 0.6 nM. In particular, benzofuryl and indolyl derivatives showed IC 50 values among the best for such structurally simple inhibitors. Docking analysis allowed to identify the favorable situation of such derivatives in terms of number of interactions in the active site, supporting the experimental results.The inhibition activity was also confirmed in HEK293 mammalian cells and was maintained against protease mutants. Furthermore, the metabolic stability was comparable with that of the commercially available inhibitors.
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