Las cucurbitáceas contribuyen en la dieta de la población, así como en la economía de los agricultores; pero son afectadas por nematodos fitoparásitos como Meloidogyne spp. El conocimiento del "nemátodo del nudo de la raíz" es escaso y limitante para el planteamiento de estrategias adecuadas de manejo. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar especies del género Meloidogyne en cucurbitáceas y determinar su distribución y ocurrencia en Arequipa, Perú. Se colectaron raíces de Cucurbita maxima, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo y Cucurbita pepo, identificándolas mediante electroforesis para la enzima esterasa. Se determinó que Meloidogyne spp. está presente en 87,1% de las zonas evaluadas y se identificaron a M.
hytoparasites such as nematodes attack without showing signs of symptoms, while they can prevent the passage of nutrients and the normal growth of the plant. In the region of Puno, the genus Globodera spp. is the most important pest, however there are no reports for Meloidogyne spp. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify the different genera of phytoparasite nematodes in the cultivation of quinoa in the main production areas of the Puno region. Soil samples were collected in the provinces of Puno, Huancané, San Román, Chucuito, Collao, Yunguyo and Azángaro. Nematode extraction from soil samples was carried out by the centrifugal fluctuation method with sucrose and mounted on permanent sheets for morphological studies. The genera of phytoparasite nematodes identified were Meloidogyne spp., Nacobbus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Mesocriconema spp., Xiphinema spp., Dorylaimus spp., Hemiciclyophora spp., Globodera spp. and free-living nematodes. It should be noted that the genus with the highest presence in quinoa in all samples was Globodera spp.
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause 14 % of annual losses in different crops in the world and there are more than 35 genera of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of the papaya crop (Carica spp.), being the most important the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp). The present study aimed to carry out the morphological identification of the genera of nematodes associated with the cultivation of Andean papaya (Carica pubescens), in Sandia district, Puno, Perú. One-hundred and fifty-five soil and roots samples from eight communities were evaluated. The samples were processed by the centrifugal fluctuation method in sucrose solution and subsequent identification of the nematodes at the genus level, using the dichotomous key of Mai and Mullin. We found the genus Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Apelenchus, Dorilaymus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Mononchus, Discocriconemella, Trichodorus and other unidentified free-living nematodes. This information may allow the design of an integrated nematode management plan in Andean papaya crops.
ResumenEn hortalizas, así como en otros cultivos, plagas de insectos ocasionan pérdidas de producción. Como parte de un manejo integrado de plagas, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia de trampas pegantes en la captura de insectos fitófagos presentes en hortalizas de hoja. Para ello se instalaron trampas de diferentes colores en parcelas de acelga (Beta vulgaris), repollo (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y cilantro (Coriandrium sativum). Los insectos plaga más frecuentes fueron trips (Frankliniella sp.), cigarritas (Borongonalia sp.), pulgones (Myzus persicae y Myzus sp.), silidos (Russelliana sp.) y mosca de la raíz (Díptera-Anthomiidae). Trampas pegantes celeste y blanco, muestran eficiencia para captura de trips en 30% y 28% respectivamente; adultos de mosca de la raíz, fueron atrapados con eficiencia de 23% del total de insectos en trampas blancas y 17% en trampas celestes; pulgones son eficientemente atraídos por trampas amarillas en 26% y con trampas verdes en 20%; la mayor atracción de cigarritas ocurrió en trampas de color naranja (21%) y amarillo (20%); para silidos trampas de colores naranja, verde y amarillo muestran capturas de 21%, 20% y 18% respectivamente. Las trampas de menor eficiencia fueron rosadas, rojas y negras, con capturas de 10%, 8% y 6% respectivamente. Palabras clave: trampas pegantes; especies fitófagas; captura de insectos; controladores biológicos; trampas para insectos. AbstractIn vegetables, as well as in other crops, insect pests cause yield losses, therefore, in the search to solve this problem and as part of an integrated pest management, this research aimed to evaluate trapping efficiency of sticky traps for phytophagous insects present in leafy vegetables. For this, traps of different colors were installed in chard crops (Beta vulgaris), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and coriander (Coriandrium sativum). The most common insects were thrips (Frankliniella sp.), Cicadelline leafhoppers (Borongonalia sp.), aphids (Myzus persicae and Myzus sp.), psyllid (Russelliana sp.) and root fly (Diptera-Anthomiidae). Light blue and white sticky traps, show capture efficiency for thrips in 30% and 28% respectively; adults of root fly were captured with efficiency of 23% of all insects on white traps and 17% on light blue traps. Yellow traps efficiently attract aphids by 26% and by green traps by 20%; the greatest attraction of cicadelline leafhoppers occurred on orange (21%) and yellow (20%) traps; for psyllids, traps of orange, green and yellow colors show captures of 21%, 20% and 18%, respectively. The lower efficient traps were pink, red and black, with caught of 10%, 8% and 6%, respectively.
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