Since the beginning of the 20 th Century, Influenza can be understood as an illness associated to a viral infection, and its etiological agent can be better characterized. From then on, the swine species has occupied a prominent place in the

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs.

Células hepáticas de Metynnis roosevelti obtidas de cultivo celular primário foram submetidas a ensaios de citotoxicidade “in vitro” com os princípios ativos 2,4-D+MCPA (ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético+ácido 4-cloro-2-metilfenoxiacético). Para determinação da CL50 foram utilizados dois métodos: um por meio da viabilidade celular com “vermelho neutro” e outro através da observação direta das células afetadas com microscópio invertido IM. A CL50 média das céluas hepáticas de Metynnis roosevelti em cultivo primário expostas ao 2,4D+MCPA por 24 horas, foi estabelecida entre 0,0265 g/ml e 0,0312 g/ml. Abstract “In vitro” citotoxicity of 2,4-D + MCPA (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 4-chloro-2- methylphenoxyacetic acid) tests were carried out with primary cultures of hepatic cells from Metynnis roosevelti (Pisces, Teleostei, Characidae). To establish the CL50 values, two different methods were used: the measurement of cell viability by means of “neutral red” and by the direct microscopic observation of the defective cells by means of an IM inverted microscope. The average CL50 value of the hepatic cells in primary cultures exposed to the chlorophenoxyacetates used, has been established between 0.0265 and 0.0312 g/ml.