IntroductionIndexes predicting weaning outcome are frequently inaccurate. We developed a new integrative weaning index aimed at improving the accuracy of the traditional indexes.MethodsThree hundred and thirty-one patients mechanically-ventilated for more than 24 hours were evaluated. Initially, the threshold values of each index that best discriminate between a successful and an unsuccessful weaning outcome were determined in 115 patients. In the second phase, the predictive performance of these values was tested prospectively in the other 216 patients. Frequency/tidal volume ratio (f/Vt ratio), tidal volume (Vt), tracheal airway occlusion pressure 0.1 s (P 0.1), the product of P 0.1 and f/Vt (P 0.1 × f/Vt), respiratory rate (f), static compliance of the respiratory system (Cst,rs), ratio of arterial oxygen tension to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and the new integrative weaning index IWI (Cst,rs × arterial oxygen saturation/f/Vt ratio) were evaluated in all patients. The readiness for weaning and the decision to return to mechanical ventilation was made by the physician in charge, based on the signs of poor tolerance. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated in order to evaluate the predictive performance of each index. The Bayes' theorem was used to assess the probability of each test of predicting weaning.ResultsIn the prospective-validation set, successful weaning was observed in 183 patients (84.7%) and weaning failure in 33 (15.27%). IWI presented the highest accuracy, with the area under the ROC curves larger than that under the curves for the f/Vt ratio (0.96 × 0.85 respectively; P = 0.003), and also larger than that under the curves for the other indexes. IWI presented a higher probability of successful weaning when the test was positive (0.99) and a lower probability when the test was negative (0.14). Measurement of Cst,rs during the weaning process was considered one of the study limitations.ConclusionsIWI was the best predictive performance index of weaning outcome and can be used in the intensive care unit setting.Trial Registrationcontrolled-trials.com ISRCTN92117906

We retrospectively studied 343 consecutive patients treated between 1979 and 1992. Ninety patients whose stool was not examined were excluded. Fifty-three patients with strongyloidiasis were compared with 200 controls with regard to outcomes and the following characteristics: age, sex, underlying disease, use of corticosteroids, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, pulmonary symptoms, and eosinophilia. Patients with strongyloidiasis more commonly had eosinophilia (P = .01) and fever (P = .03). There was a single but fatal case of the disseminated disease syndrome (1.9% of patients with strongyloidiasis). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the factors predictive for strongyloidiasis were schistosomiasis (odds ratio [OR], 6.58), ascariasis (OR, 2.78), and the use of steroids (OR, 2.29). Strongyloidiasis was highly prevalent among patients with hematologic malignancies in Brazil. Occurrence of the disseminated disease syndrome seems to be unusual.

No abstract

-It was evaluated the patient antiepileptic drug (AED) intake adherence in a pilot cross-sectional study carried out at a neurologic out-patient clinic of a university hospital. Ninety-three AED blood concentration (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine) were analyzed from 24 patients. The variability of the AED blood level was measured (in the steady state period by means of the variation coefficient) and compared with the selfreported antiepileptic medication non-adherence, AED blood level according to the range (therapeutic or not), and the seizure control. It was not observed any strong correlation between the higher value of variability and the other three parameters of no adherence. The highest correlation was with the blood drug level (therapeutic or not). The evaluation of blood drug measurement alone, except in cases of extreme low adherence and variability of drug intake, is not enough for the recognition of incorrect drug intake, but the clinical markers and the selfreported adherence have to be also considered for this sort of evaluation.KEY WORDS: epilepsy, adherence, therapeutic blood monitoring, antiepileptic drugs. Aderência à ingestão de medicamentos antiepilépticos: o valor da avaliação dos níveis sanguíneos e a abordagem clínicaRESUMO -Avaliou-se a aderência à ingesta de drogas antiepilépticas (DAE) em estudo piloto transversal conduzido em ambulatório de hospital neurológico universitário. Noventa e três amostras sanguíneas com concentração de DAE (fenobarbital, fenitoína, carbamazepina) foram analisadas de 24 pacientes. A variabilidade dos níveis sanguíneos das DAE (em estado estável -steady state period, analizada por meio do coeficiente de variação) foi comparada com a auto-referida não aderência à ingesta da DAE, níveis sanguíneos das DAE de acordo com a faixa (terapêutica ou não) e o controle das crises epilépticas. Não foi observada correlação forte entre o maior valor da variabilidade e os outros três parâmetros de aderência, apesar da maior correlação com o nível sanguíneo (terapêutico ou não). A avaliação do nível sérico isolado, exceto em caso de extrema baixa aderência e variabilidade da ingesta das DAE, não é suficiente para o reconhecimento da ingesta inadequada, mas os marcadores clínicos e a auto-aderência referida também têm que ser consideradas para esse tipo de avaliação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: epilepsia, aderência, monitorização de níveis sanguíneos, drogas antiepilépticas.Poor adherence is considered the most important cause for unsuccessful treatment in epilepsy. Consequently, drug intake adherence is a fundamental process in effective therapy, and in clinical practice its measurement has to be done frequently to apply adherence-improving interventions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] .

Key words: vitiligo/histology/melanocytes/pigmentation/ autoimmunity Recently, Wankowicz-Kalinska et al. (2003) observed T-cell infiltrates in the dermoepidermal junction of clinically normal-pigmented skin in patients with active generalized vitiligo, displaying the microscopic disappearance of melanocytes, also called 'microdepigmentation',

Background: To study the effects of Beta-blockers during Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE) comparing the hemodynamic benefits of an early administration of atropine in patients taking or not Beta-blockers.

Background The conventional dobutamine protocol for the investigation of induced myocardial ischemia is well established. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of early administration of atropine during the dobutamine stress echocardiogram, as compared to its conventional use.Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients were referred to the dobutamine stress echocardiogram, for the investigation of myocardial ischemia and the administration of atropine was randomized into three groups (A, B, C at 10, 20 and 40 mcg/kg/min of dobutamine, respectively).Results The mean level of the double product was significantly lower in the group C patients when compared to group B patients (p = 0.002). The mean test time (12.8 ± 3.1 and 18.7 ± 3.4 p= 0.0001) and the mean total dose of dobutamine (14 × 18 × 25 mg p = 0.008) were significantly higher in group C patients than in group A & B patients. The mean test time was reduced in 6 minutes (31%) with the early administration of atropine in relation to the standard protocol. The atropine dose used in the different groups was similar. Complications were uniform in all cases.Conclusion The early administration of atropine during the dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography significantly reduces duration of the test and the dose of amine without increasing the number of complications, the total dose of atropine or the number of diagnostic tests.

The IWI was the independent variable found in weaning of elderly subjects that may contribute to the critical moment of this population in intensive care.