Autogenous bone grafts have frequently been used in the treatment of bone defects; however, this procedure can cause clinical complications after surgery. Besides, the amount of available bone is sometimes insufficient. Therefore, synthetic biomaterials have been researched as an alternative to autogenous bone graft implants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the repair of bone defects treated with compact autogenous bone graft or porous calcium phosphate ceramics. Three defects 3 mm in diameter were produced in the skull of 21 rats. One the defects was produced in the frontal bone, which remained empty, while the others were produced in the right and left parietal bones, which were filled respectively with ceramics and autogenous bone graft. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, and 24 weeks after surgery and analyzed by light microscopy and radiography. In the twenty-fourth week, the defects filled with autogenous bone graft and ceramics had similar volumes of newly formed bone tissue. The ceramics offered favorable conditions to bone tissue growth. Thus, we concluded that the calcium phosphate ceramic implant proved to be effective in repairing defects produced in the skull of rats.
Procedures that allow the reconstruction and speed up the bone repair are of great clinical importance. Being thus, considering the advantages offered for the biomaterials as substitute to the autogenous bone graft and the positive effect of the low-power-laser in the process bone regeneration, the proposals of the present work had been to study the contribution of the low-power-laser in the process of reconstruction of bone defect treated with autogenous bone graft, as well as, to analyze "in vitro" and "in vivo" the efficiency of calcium phosphate ceramic as possible substitute to the autogenous bone graft. The result demonstrated that laser irradiation at the grafted site stimulated osteogenesis during the initial stages of the healing process in na skull defect and this effect was dose dependent. While this, the "in vivo" study of the bioceramic demonstrated that the implantation was so efficient how much autogenous graft in the bone reconstruction process. In the study "in vitro", the human osteoblast had presented good interaction with ceramics, presenting bigger preference for the surfaces most irregular of the material.
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