Fifty-six strains of Basidiomycetes, including native Brazilian fungi isolated from different ecosystems and edible mushrooms, were screened for production of exopolysaccharides and biomass in submerged culture. Agaricus sp. (CCB 280) and Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Hohn (CCB 179) were the highest exopolysaccharide producers (6.01 and 3.54 g dry w./l respectively) after 7 days of incubation. The best producer of biomass was Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr. (CCB 473) with 16.68 g dry w./l in 14 days of incubation. When the culture filtrate was submitted to freezing prior to polysaccharide precipitation, a gelatinous fraction was formed.
Quantitative differentiation of microbial activity in wheat straw substrate is described after different heat pre-treatments and addition of water during solid-state fermentation. All the 28 tested strains of tropical and sub-tropical edible mushrooms colonized sterile wheat straw. Substrate pre-treated at 25°C was primarily colonized by Coprinus sp. and other competitive microorganisms, and had the highest pH values. With some exceptions, increasing rates of growth occurred with substrate pre-treatment at 60 and 90°C. Best growth and highest speed of colonization were on sterilized straw. Heat pre-treatment of cereal straw at 60 and 90°C should be sufficient for commercial cultivation processes. Thus, a short fermentative pre-treatment could reduce the risk of infection. The strains tested do not differ significantly from those of temperate climates.
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