Los hidrogeles basados en colágeno son redes tridimensionales (3D) con la capacidad de absorber agua y una alta biocompatibilidad para utilizarlos en la reparación de tejidos dañados. Estos materiales presentan pobres propiedades mecánicas y velocidades de degradación rápidas, limitando su aplicación a estrategias de ingeniería tisular y biomedicina; por ésto, la incorporación de fases inorgánicas en la matriz 3D del colágeno como la hidroxiapatita ha contribuido en la mejora de sus propiedades, incrementado la eficiencia de los hidrogeles híbridos obtenidos. Este trabajo, presenta las contribuciones más relevantes relacionadas con los sistemas de hidrogeles basados en colágeno y partículas de hidroxiapatita dispersas dentro de la matriz colagénica, lo que evidencia que la combinación de los materiales no altera la biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad típicas del colágeno, permitiendo la adhesión, proliferación, crecimiento celular y control del metabolismo de las células implicadas en los procesos de una reparación ósea, presentando a los hidrogeles como una estrategia para su uso potencial en la ingeniería tisular.
Goethite-titania (a-FeOOH-TiO 2 ) composites were prepared by co-precipitation and mechanical milling.The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. a-FeOOH-TiO 2 composites and TiO 2 -P25, as reference, were evaluated as photocatalysts for the disinfection of Escherichia coli under UV or visible light in a stirred tank reactor. a-FeOOH-TiO 2 exhibited better photocatalytic activity in the visible region than TiO 2 -P25. The mechanical activation increased the absorption in the visible range of TiO 2 -P25 and the photocatalytic activity of a-FeOOH-TiO 2 . In the experiments with UV light and a-FeOOH-TiO 2 , mechanically activated, a 5.4 log-reduction of bacteria was achieved after 240 min of treatment. Using visible light the a-FeOOH-TiO 2 and the TiO 2 -P25 showed a 3.1 and a 0.7 log-reductions at 240 min, respectively. The disinfection mechanism was studied by ROS detection and scavenger experiments, demonstrating that the main ROS produced in the disinfection process were superoxide radical anion, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical.
In this work, hydrogels based on semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi‐IPN) based on collagen‐polyurethane‐alginate were studied physicochemically and from different approaches for biomedical application. It was determined that the matrices in the hydrogel state are crosslinked by the formation of urea and amide bonds between the biopolymer chains and the polyurethane crosslinker. The increment in alginate content (0–40 wt%) significantly increases the swelling capacity, generating semi‐crystalline granular structures with improved storage modulus and resistance to thermal, hydrolytic, and proteolytic degradation. The in vitro bioactivity results indicated that the composition of these novel hydrogels stimulates the metabolic activity of monocytes and fibroblasts, benefiting their proliferation; while in cancer cell lines, it was determined that the composition of these biomaterials decreases the metabolic activity of breast cancer cells after 48 h of stimulation, and for colon cancer cells their metabolic activity decreases after 72 h of contact for the hydrogel with 40 wt% alginate. The matrices show a behavior of multidose release of ketorolac, and a higher concentration of analgesic is released in the semi‐IPN matrix. The inhibition capacity of Escherichia coli is higher if the polysaccharide concentration is low (10 wt%). The in vitro wound closure test (scratch test) results indicate that the hydrogel with 20 wt% alginate shows an improvement in wound closure at 15 days of contact. Finally, the bioactivity of mineralization was evaluated to demonstrate that these hydrogels can induce the formation of carbonated apatite on their surface. The engineered hydrogels show biomedical multifunctionality and they could be applied in soft and hard tissue healing strategies, anticancer therapies, and drug release devices.
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