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The present study investigated the potential of Concanavalin A lectin (Con A) conjugated to liposomes (Con A-liposomes) for targeting doxorubicin (DOX) to cells. The physicochemical properties and the cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded Con A-liposomes were evaluated. DOX-loaded Con A-liposomes were prepared by incubation of DOX-loaded liposomes with a Con A-SATA derivative. Lectin biological activity was monitored before and after conjugation by a hemagglutinating assay. The cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded Con A-liposomes was evaluated in terms of the inhibition of NCI-H299 and HEp-2 cell proliferation using the MTT method. The affinity of lectinized liposomes with these cells was thus assessed by evaluating the cytotoxic effect of the DOX released into cells. Stable DOX-loaded Con A-liposomes were obtained and their high affinity for cells was corroborated. The encapsulation of DOX into Con Aliposomes produced an inhibition of roughly 70% of Hep-2 cell proliferation and 50% of cell inhibition was verified on HCI-H292. DOX in solution was able to inhibit only 20% of cell proliferation for both cell lines. Unloaded Con A-liposomes were not cytotoxic. The encapsulation of DOX into Con A-liposomes improves drug penetration into cells, thereby enhancing its cytotoxicity, especially in Hep-2 cells.