New environmental challenges, coupled with the fact that 80% of the residential buildings that will exist in Europe in the year 2050 have already been built, mean that rehabilitation and restoration must be prioritised over new buildings. Construction is one of the largest generators of CO2. Using prefabricated and industrialised products and systems can help to mitigate its harmful effects thanks to the greater control and environmental evaluation that can be carried out on these products from their manufacture until the end of their useful life (LCA). In the county of the Sierra de Cádiz (Andalusia, Spain), there are 85 water mills, many of which are derelict and in disuse, which, due to their location, size, and characteristics, are ideal for rehabilitation and restoration for residential use. Taking the “El Rodezno” mill as a case study, this paper proposes rehabilitation strategies using prefabricated industrialised elements that have a low environmental impact. The methodological discussion takes as its starting point the process of design and testing that Alvar Aalto applied in 1940 and from subsequent studies that have confirmed a research structure based on the project design and the built project with the appropriate field of study and confirmation of the applicable strategies and solutions. To this end, this article is written on the basis of the two main phases of Alvar Aalto’s method, using the same terms that the Danish architect defined: Scientific Observation, for the study of preceding works and projects in light prefabrication and for the analysis of certain construction products and systems that, based on other research, have evaluated their LCA, and Construction Period, for the rehabilitation strategies of the “El Rodezno” mill, considering the studies and analyses of Scientific Observation. For the roof solution, we took as an example the rehabilitation of the roof carried out with the same methodology, construction criteria, and prefabricated products analysed in this article and used in the intervention strategies in “El Rodezno”. The paper concludes with the validity of the methodology applied to test the starting hypotheses that lead to intervention strategies that confirm the environmental and economic advantages of industrialised prefabrication, the importance of the design and synergy that results from combining different construction systems, and technologies that improve the acceptance of prefabrication by the inhabitant and boost the circular economy.
RESUMEN Revisando la Bauhaus desde su consolidación y su clímax en Dessau, se enuncia la necesidad de hacer una observación más detenida de esta arquitectura en su lugar y alguna consideración sobre cómo se aprovecha el edificio como instrumento didáctico. Se repasan antecedentes y sobre todo consecuentes que reconocen el edificio de Dessau como una obra ejemplar. A través de la obra de Hannes Meyer, se observan discrepancias con la idea de arquitectura de Gropius y se encuentra el enlace con la experiencia de la Holtschule Für Gestaltum en Ulm, ideada y realizada por Max Bill como soporte de un proyecto docente emprendido en el año 1950 que pretendía reanimar en Alemania el espíritu de la Bauhaus, truncado por la Segunda Guerra Mundial. La escuela de Ulm empezó a funcionar en 1955, al tiempo que se construía su edificio. En pocos años la polémica entre artistas y técnicos provocó el abandono de Max Bill en 1957. A duras penas, la HfG sobrevivió hasta 1968. El edificio sí ha permanecido. PALABRAS CLAVE Arquitectura moderna; escuelas de arquitectura; espacio docente; Bauhaus; Hochschule für Gestaltum de Ulm; Max Bill SUMMARY In reviewing the Bauhaus, from its consolidation and its climax in Dessau, there is a need to formulate a more lengthy observation of this architecture and to recognize how the building was used as a didactic instrument. Histories may be revised, but they consistently recognize the Dessau building as an exemplary work. Discrepancies with Gropius's idea of architecture are seen through the work of Hannes Meyer and the link is found with the experience of the Holtschule für Gestaltum (HfG-School of Design) in Ulm. This school was devised and executed by Max Bill in support of an educational project, undertaken in 1950, that tried to reanimate the spirit of the Bauhaus in Germany, which had been cut short by World War II. The Ulm school started operations in 1955 when the building was constructed. Within a few years, the controversy between artists and technicians caused the departure of Max Bill in 1957. With great difficulty, the HfG survived until 1968. The building has survived.
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