Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have many attractive properties with potential applications in various fields. Despite their usefulness, however, the associated waste can be hazardous to the environment. To examine adverse effects in aquatic environments, Oryzias latipes were exposed to MWCNTs dispersed in water for 14 days and apoptosis and antioxidant gene expression were observed. This work showed that in gills exposed to 100 mg/L MWCNTs for 4 days, there was significant p53, caspase-3 (Cas3), caspase-8 (Cas8), and caspase-9 (Cas9) gene expression relative to the controls, while catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) expression were reduced. At 14 days, CAT, GST, and metallothionein (MT) were induced significantly in the gills and Cas3, Cas8, and Cas9 were induced in the liver. No significant gene induction was seen in intestine. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased significantly only at 14 days. Histologically, no apoptosis was observed with exposure to 100 mg/L MWCNTs for 21 days. The gills were more sensitive to MWCNT toxicity than the other organs. Males had higher apoptosis gene induction than females. These results demonstrated that MWCNTs could cause apoptosis in a manner influenced by tissue and gender in aqueous environments.
With this lysine-derived part, lysine has a favourable (or essential) effect maintaining stable condition without breaking even after NH2 deletion in the animal or human body. As further suggestions: Several water soluble vitamin B groups; flavine-adenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid, and cobamamide (B12) have similar two groups in their own chemical structure and they act as coenzyme [1]. It is thought that this (two similar groups) in the chemical structure gives the material to work as a special effect in the body as a coenzyme. The activating effect of several water soluble B-group vitamins might be resulted from the emission of energy with the turmoil on pending in the centre of the molecule. In another expression, the rotation or vibration or seesawing of the two parts among the molecule. Here, the pairs of the molecule had to be not the same structure but to be the structure of similarity. Through our theoretical research it is considered that the structure of lysine-derived material (C6H12N2O3) is similar to the structure of several water soluble B-group vitamins (cobamamide (B12), flavine-adenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid).Keywords: lysine, seesawing of the two parts, some enzymatic activities, theoretical research, water soluble vitamins. FURTHER SUGGESTIONSSeveral water soluble vitamin B groups; flavine-adenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid, and cobamamide (B12) have similar two groups in their own chemical structure and they act as coenzyme [1]. It is thought that this (two similar groups) in the chemical structure gives the material to work as a special effect in the body as a coenzyme. The activating effect of several water soluble Bgroup vitamins might be resulted from the emission of energy with the turmoil on pending in the centre of the molecule. In another expression, the rotation or vibration or seesawing of the two parts among the molecule. Here, the pairs of the molecule had to be not the same structure but to be the structure of similarity. Through our theoretical research it is considered that the structure of lysinederived material (C6H12N2O3) is similar to the structure of several water soluble B-group vitamins (cobamamide (B12), flavineadenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid). And the function of lysine might be similar to that of several water soluble vitamins. Therefore, it is assumed that lysine has theoretically some enzymatic activity. Hyeonhi R. Park et al; South Asian Res J Bio Appl Biosci; Vol-1, Iss-4 (Dec, 2019): 90-92 © South Asian Research Publication, Bangladesh Journal Homepage: www.sarpublication.com/sarjbab 92 CONCLUSIONSThrough our theoretical research it is considered that the structure of lysine-derived material (C6H12N2O3) is similar to the structure of several water soluble B-group vitamins (cobamamide (B12), flavineadenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid). And the function of lysine might be similar to that of several water soluble vitamins. Therefore, it is assumed that lysine and several vitamins have theoretically some enzymatic activities.
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