Los bajos niveles de logro en comprensión lectora en México constituyen una problemática añeja. Por ello, es necesario el desarrollo de investigaciones cuyos datos orienten las estrategias a emprender para atenderla. Un área de investigación relevante en tal sentido se enfoca en los profesores de lenguas en formación, quienes enseñarán la comprensión lectora. En este contexto es donde surge el presente estudio, el cual buscar explorar las teorías implícitas lectoras que tienen un grupo de estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de un programa de licenciatura en lenguas en una universidad estatal en el sureste mexicano. Se investigan posibles relaciones entre las teorías implícitas de los estudiantes con un conjunto de variables demográficas como el género, frecuencia lectora, condición socioeconómica autopercibida y dos variables relacionadas con la misma: tipo de escuela preparatoria y ubicación de esta. La hipótesis alternativa es que las teorías implícitas varían en función de esas variables. El estudio se llevó a cabo con 222 participantes, 148 mujeres y 74 varones. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el cuestionario de Likert “Escala de Teorías Implícitas de la Comprensión Lectora”, ETICOLEC. Mediante pruebas no paramétricas, se encontró que las TIs Retórica, Crítica e Interpretativa muestran asociaciones con las variables estudiadas de manera tal que reproduce las desigualdades sociales, por lo que se hace necesario intervenir para modificar tales condiciones.
Stance is a key and problematic domain for effective English for Academic Purposes (EAP) reading and writing. Insufficient awareness of stance, cultural attitudes about it, and poor teaching have been identified as underlying sources of stance-related difficulties. Focusing on stance may thus be a pivotal reading-to-write lens to improve English academic literacy. However, few studies have investigated pre-service teachers’ language awareness and ideologies about different stance markers. The goal of this paper is to describe the stance-focused conceptions and ideologies of a group of sixteen Mexican undergraduate pre-service teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) who are also EFL learners. We used phenomenographic interviews and analysis to achieve this goal. We found three types of conceptions: stylistic, critical, and metaideological. The less sophisticated stylistic conceptions are most prevalent. Only two participants showed metaideological conceptions. Two language ideologies were found: an ideology of linguistic objectivity that dismisses all stance markers and another that values affect markers but dismisses first-person ones. These results imply that pre-service teachers should be made aware of the argumentative and epistemic functions of stance markers and diverse language ideologies about them that circulate across national and disciplinary contexts. In this way, they may deploy stance more effectively in their own literacy practices and become more effective EAP teachers.
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