Las bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) representan una alternativa para la disminución del uso de fertilizantes químicos y la mejora del aprovechamiento de estos por los cultivos agrícolas. En el estudio se determinó la capacidad de un consorcio bacteriano nativo del género Bacillus para promover el crecimiento de plántulas de trigo (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) bajo condiciones controladas, a los 30 días después de su inoculación. El consorcio se integró por las cepas TRQ8, TE3T, TRQ65 y TSO9. La identificación molecular (basada en el gen 16S RNAr) de dichas cepas reveló su afiliación taxonómica a Bacillus megaterium TRQ8, B. cabrialesii TE3T, B. paralicheniformis TRQ65 y B. subtilis TSO9. Dichas cepas mostraron la capacidad de sintetizar sideróforos, indoles, y solubilización de fosfatos, así como tolerancia a estrés térmico (43.5 °C), hídrico (PEG 10%) y salino (NaCl 5%). La inoculación (4x107 UFC) de dicho consorcio bacteriano a plántulas de trigo mostró un incremento significativo (comparado con las plántulas no inoculadas) en la longitud de la parte aérea (28%), longitud de raíz (25%), longitud total (28%), diámetro de tallo (46%), circunferencia (50%), peso seco de la parte aérea (72%) y el índice de biovolumen (57%). Lo anterior, evidencia la capacidad promotora del crecimiento vegetal de dicho consorcio bacteriano; por lo cual, el desarrollo de futuros ensayos bajo condiciones de campo es determinante para conocer la factibilidad del diseño de un biofertilizante que contenga las cepas estudio para su uso en la agricultura actual y futura.
Bacillus megaterium TRQ8 was isolated from wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) rhizosphere in commercial fields in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Here, we report the draft genome of strain TRQ8, with a size of ~ 5.6 Mbp and a G + C content of 38%. Based on the cutoff values on species delimitation established for average nucleotide identity (> 95-96%), genome-togenome distance calculator (> 70%), and the reference sequence alignment-based phylogeny (REALPHY) builder method, TRQ8 was strongly affiliated to Bacillus megaterium. The rapid annotation using subsystem technology server revealed that TRQ8 contains 153 RNA genes, and 6113 coding DNA sequences, including those related to plant growth promotion traits, i.e. auxin biosynthesis, phosphate metabolism, siderophores production, and osmotic and oxidative stress response. The function of those putative annotated genes was validated at metabolic level, observing that strain TRQ8 was able to produce 12.0 ± 1.9 µg/mL indoles, phosphate solubilization of 38.7 ± 4.2%, siderophore production of 8.1 ± 0.2%, and tolerance to saline (80.0 ± 5.3%), and water (110.0 ± 4.2%) stress conditions. This genomic and metabolic background was in vivo corroborated by the inoculation of TRQ8 to wheat plants (30 days, under axenic conditions), observing a significant (p = 0.05) increment (compared to un-inoculated plants) of shoot height (16.4%), root length (68.4%), total plant length (30.9%), stem diameter (26.7%), stem circumference (34.8%), shoot dry weight (60.0%), root dry weight (55.6%). Those results provide insights for future agricultural studies and potential applications of this strain, as a plant growth-promoting bacterium.
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