Pengelolaan dan pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati berawal dari pengetahuan tentang ketersediaan sumberdaya, identifikasi, dan sistematika spesies. Banyaknya spesies Turbinidae dengan berbagai bentuk morfologi dan transformasi bentuk menjadikan identifikasi dengan gen COI sangat penting dalam mempercepat pengungkapan identitas spesies. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis pola pertumbuhan dan mengidentifikasi gastopoda Turbinidae dengan pendekatan DNA barcode. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi menunjukkan bahwa genus Turbo yang diamati adalah dari spesies Turbo stenogyrus. Analisis pola pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan T. stenogyrus adalah allometrik negatif. Amplifikasi DNA dengan gen COI menghasilkan panjang sekuen DNA 650 bp dengan hasil identifikasi sesuai dengan pengamatan morfologi yaitu Turbo stenogyrus. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik dan jarak genetik, sekuen DNA yang dianalisis membentuk clade yang sama dengan spesies Turbo stenogyrus dengan jarak genetik terdekat 4,2%. Analisis genetik melalui gen COI sangat baik dan memberi kemudahan dalam identifikasi spesies gastropoda.
Bakasang produced from fermented fish’s offals contains some type of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and have potential as imunostimulant. LAB that can live and grow in the digestive tract of fish serve to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and produce metabolites that can stimulate the activity of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bakasang as imunostimulant and to determine the optimal dose of bakasang for increasing non-specific immune response and growth in tilapia (Oreochronomis niloticus). This research was conducted using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates: B0 (0 ml/kg feed), B1 (50 ml/kg feed), B2 (100 ml/kg feed), and B3 (150 ml/kg feed). The treatment feed was given for 4 weeks at a dose of 3% /body weight/day with a frequency of twice a day (08:00 and 17:00). The data taken were immune parameters (total leukocytes and phagocytic activity) and growth. To evaluate the effect of bakasang, the observed parameters were subjected to analysis of variance performed to evaluate differences between the treatments. The results show that after 4 weeks of feeding, the total leukocyte of tilapia treated with bakasang B2 (100 ml/kg feed) on week three was significantly different compared to the total leukocytes in the other treatments with total leukocytes of 68% more than the control. Phagocytic activity in treated fish with 100 and 150 ml/kg (Treatment B2 and B3) were significantly different (p<0.05) from the other treatments. Nevertheless, the phagocytic activity in treatment B2 (100 ml/kg) was higher than B3 (150 ml/kg). Bakasang has an influence on growth during 4 weeks treatment in B1 and B2 which were significantly different to other treatments, but the difference between B1 and B2 treatment was not significantly different. The weight gain of tilapia in treatment B1 was 17.06 ± 3.17 g or 34.75% more than the control treatment, while the B2 body weight reached 17.72 ± 2.63 g or 39.96% greater than the control. In conclusion, the inclusion of bakasang in fish feed by using oral technique with a dose of 100 ml/kg could increase the nonspecific immune response and growth of tilapia. Bakasang yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi jeroan ikan mengandung beberapa jenis Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan mempunyai potensi sebagai immunostimulan. BAL, yang dapat hidup dan tumbuh di dalam saluran pencernaan, berfungsi menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dan menghasilkan produk metabolit yang dapat merangsang aktivitas sistem kekebalan tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh bakasang sebagai imunostimulan serta menentukan dosis yang optimal dalam meningkatkan respon imun non spesifik dan pertumbuhan pada ikan nila (Oreochronomis niloticus). Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan B0 (0 ml/kg pakan), B1 (50 ml/kg pakan), B2 (100 ml/kg pakan), dan B3 (150 ml/kg pakan); masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Pakan perlakuan diberikan selama 4 minggu dengan dosis sebanyak 3%/bb/hari dengan frekwensi pemberian 2x sehari pagi (08.00), dan sore (17.00). Data yang diamati terdiri dari parameter imun (total leukosit dan aktivitas fagositik) dan pertumbuhan. Untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh bakasang terhadap parameter yang diamati dilakukan analisis ragam, sedangkan untuk mengevaluasi perbedaan pengaruh antar perlakuan dilakukan Uji Duncan. Setelah diberikan selama 4 minggu, total leukosit ikan nila yang diberi perlakuan bakasang B2 (100 ml/kg pakan) minggu ke-3 berbeda sangat nyata dibandingkan dengan total leukosit pada perlakuan lainnya dengan total leukosit mencapai 68% lebih banyak dari kontrol. Aktivitas fagositosis pada ikan yang diberi perlakuan 100 ml/kg dan 150 ml/kg (Perlakuan B2 dan B3 ) berbeda nyata (p< 0.05) dengan perlakuan lainnya. Meskipun demikian aktivitas fagositosis pada perlakuan B2 (100 ml/kg) lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada perlakuan B3 (150 ml/kg). Pengaruh bakasang terhadap pertumbuhan selama minggu ke 4 perlakuan B1 dan B2 berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, namun antar perlakuan B1 dan B2 tidak berbeda nyata. Perolehan berat ikan nila pada perlakuan B1 sebesar 17,06 ± 3,17 g atau 34,75% lebih berat dari kontrol, sedangkan pada perlakuan B2 berat tubuh mencapai 17,72 ± 2,63 g atau 39,96% lebih besar dari kontrol. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian bakasang secara oral pada pakan ikan dapat menjadi imunostimulan dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ikan dengan dosis 100 ml/ kg pakan.
Arafura Sea is one of the waters in the eastern region of Indonesia that is rich in marine and fisheries potentials because of its fertile conditions which is suitable for fishing ground.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the composition of nutrients contained in kopyok moss and analyze the effect of natural or artificial feed on the growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research was carried out in October-November 2019, met in the UNPUS MSP laboratory and used the experimental method and Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Test animals used were juvenile tilapia 5-7 g; 5-10 cm and totaling 27 individuals. The fish were divided into three treatment groups, namely P1 (PF500 MS PRIMA FEED feed group), P2 (Takari feed group), and P3 (kopyok moss natural feed group) and each group consisted of nine fish. Feeding is done twice a day on an ad libitum basis for 30 days continuously. The results showed that the absolute weight gain in the P2 group was higher than in the P1 and P3 groups, the absolute length increase in P3 was higher than in P1 and P2 and the survival rate of P2 was higher than in P1 and P3. This explains that the nutritional content, especially protein in the feed, must be in the amount needed, otherwise the excess protein will be released into the environment in the form of ammonia (NH3), increased ammonia toxicity can cause damage to the gills and kidneys, decreased growth, disruption of the brain system, and dissolved oxygen levels become low. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that protein is one of the essential nutrients for growth for survival, but it must be at the amount needed by the body so that it is not released to the environment which will reduce water quality.
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