RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes modalidades ventilatórias em cães de diferentes idades submetidos à fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2) de 40% e 100%. Foram utilizados 36 cães de três grupos etários (GJ: 0-5; GA: 5-10 e GG: 10-15 anos), sem padronização de peso, sexo, raça e procedimento cirúrgico. Foram pré-medicados com acepromazina e morfina (0,02 e 0,5mg/kg), induzidos à anestesia geral com propofol dose-efeito, manutenção do plano anestésico com isoflurano em 1,3 V% e fornecimento de oxigênio conforme a FiO2 estabelecida para o grupo. Os animais foram submetidos a quatro diferentes modalidades ventilatórias: ventilação espontânea (VE), ventilação ciclada a volume (VCV), ventilação ciclada a pressão (VCP) e ventilação ciclada a pressão com PEEP (VCPP), e permaneceram 30 minutos em cada modalidade. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares mantiveram-se estáveis para todas as FiO2, modalidades ventilatórias e idades. Com relação aos parâmetros ventilatórios, na FiO2 100%, foram observados PaCO2 de 45mmHge e 29% de shunt, enquanto a FiO2 40% apresentou PaCO2 de 43 mmHg e 13% de shunt. Em relação às diferentes idades, os animais adultos e geriátricos apresentaram maiores valores de shunt (26% e 22%) e PaCO2 (44mm/Hg e 46mm/Hg). Conclui-se que a fração inspirada de 40% e a modalidade ventilatória ciclada a volume mostraram-se mais eficientes.
Descreve-se um caso de hiperplasia de palato duro em um equino de 15 anos de idade atendido no Hospital de Clínica Veterinária CAV/UDESC em Lages, SC. O animal apresentava distúrbios durante a alimentação, como a dificuldade em apreender o alimento, queda deste durante a mastigação e emagrecimento progressivo, há aproximadamente cinco meses. Na inspeção da cavidade oral constatou-se aumento de volume da parte mais rostral do palato duro ultrapassando a borda oclusão dos dentes incisivos. Nenhuma outra alteração na cavidade oral que justificasse o problema foi identificada no exame físico. Como tratamento realizou-se a ressecção cirúrgica do tecido hiperplásico e a hemostasia realizada com ferro candente, em estação, sob sedação e anestesia local. Após o procedimento observou-se melhora significativa da capacidade apreensiva e mastigatória do alimento. Aos sete dias pós-cirúrgico foi observada boa cicatrização da ferida e ausência da queixa inicial. O diagnóstico e a indicação cirúrgica como tratamento nos casos de hiperplasia do palato duro é ainda conflitante e pouco discutida na literatura, necessitando cautela e perícia para o diagnóstico. No caso descrito obteve-se sucesso com a remoção cirúrgica, podendo ser indicada em casos de hiperplasia de palato duro, quando associado a sinais clínicos.Palavras-chave: Equino. Cavidade oral. Palatite. Alimentação. SURGICAL RESECTION OF HARD PALATE HYPERPLASIA IN HORSE SUMMARY:We describe a case of hard palate hyperplasia in horse of the 15 years old attended the Veterinary Clinical Hospital CAV/UDESC in Lages, SC. The animal presented disorders during feeding, such as difficulty in grasping food, this fall during chewing and progressive weight loss, around five months. In the inspection of the oral cavity it was found volume increase of more rostral part of the hard palate surpassing the edge of the incisors occlusion. No other changes in the oral cavity to justify the problem was identified on physical examination. As treatment was performed surgical resection of the hyperplastic tissue and hemostasis was mode out with red-hot iron, in standing, under sedation and local anesthesia. After the procedure there was significant improvement in capacity apprehensive and chewing food. The seventh postoperative day was observed good wound healing and absence of the original complaint. The diagnosis and surgical indication as treatment in cases of hyperplasia of the hard palate is still conflicting and little discussed in the literature, requiring caution and experience for the diagnosis. In our case it was obtained successful surgical removal, which may be indicated in cases of hard palate hyperplasia, when associated with clinical signs.
Background: The frequency of oncological diseases in companion animals has increased in recent years, mainly due to the longer longevity of dogs. The neoplasms are not only open by the presence of the tumor and its location, but also by paraneoplastic syndromes, which are disorders that occur due to the production of substances by the tumor that cause. In addition to causing local changes and damages, oncological diseases may also result in injuries at distant sites, such as paraneoplastic syndromes, which, if untreated, may result in death of animals. The present study aimed to investigate whether female dogs with mammary tumors demonstrate electrocardiographic changes, and if so, to investigate whether these cease after removal of the tumor, and to relate the type of tumor with the occurrence of arrhythmias. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen female dogs, aged between 4 and 14 years, underwent electrocardiogram 24 h prior to undergoing a total unilateral mastectomy. After removal of the tumor, electrocardiograms were again performed 24 (M24), 48 (M48), and 72 (M72), as well as 14 days (M14d) after surgery. Histological analysis of the neoplasms showed that 55% of the tumors were benign, with predominance of adenoma (38%), and 45% were malignant, with predominance of adenocarcinoma (22%). The following rhythms and arrhythmias were observed: normal sinus rhythm (37.2%), sinus arrhythmia (62.8%), wandering pacemaker (26%), 1st degree atrioventricular block (AVB; 5%), premature ventricular complex (PVC; 10%), and T-wave > 25% of R-wave (25%); more than one change could occur simultaneously. Out of the evaluated electrocardiographic parameters, a significant difference was observed in the QT interval between the following timepoints: M24 (204 ± 18), M48 (204 ± 22), and M72 (203 ± 23), as well as Mbasal (192 ± 15) and M14d (178 ± 43).Discussion: Regarding the observed rhythms, arrhythmias, and changes, respiratory sinus arrhythmia was the normal predominant rhythm, followed by sinus rhythm. Wandering pacemaker in conjunction with respiratory sinus arrhythmia is widely observed in dogs; these conditions occur due to vagal predominance, without hemodynamic consequences. PVC is the premature depolarization originating in ectopic foci of the ventricular tissue, and is considered the most common type of ventricular arrhythmia in small animals. Two animals demonstrated PVC, one in Mbasal and the other in M14d. The former presented with a tumor diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma, which could be related to the paraneoplastic syndrome. The later presented with a tumor diagnosed as an adenoma, indicating that PVC may have occurred due to stress at that time. The T-wave occurs after ventricular depolarization, and is usually up to 25% of the amplitude of the R-wave. This change was observed at all times for the animal that was histologically diagnosed as having mammary adenocarcinoma, and may have been related to the neoplasm or be an individual change. The 1st degree AVB occurred in Mbasal, and was therefore related to increased vagal tonus. The significant differences in the QT interval were negatively correlated with decreased heart rate (HR), i.e., the QT interval increased when HR decreased. This must have been related to the acclimatization of the animals to the tests. Owing to the high number of animals with early-stage mammary tumors in this study, the observed electrocardiographic changes could not be correlated with tumor presence and type.
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