In this study, we synthesized an aromatic ester plasticizer with ether oxygen bonds called bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phthalate (BMEP), which could dissociate sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) by a coordination effect between the ether oxygen bond and the Na þ cations. An antistatic plasticizer (AP) for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was then prepared by the mixture of BMEP and NaSCN. The surface resistivity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the PVC composites with AP were studied. The addition of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was favorable for enhancing the conductivity and elongation at break of the PVC composites. The antistatic ability of the PVC composites was slightly sensitive to the relative humidity (RH). The dependence of the surface resistivity of the AP-plasticized PVC composites on temperature was in good accordance with the Arrhenius equation, and the surface resistivity of the composites effectively decreased about one order of magnitude in the temperature range 40-80 C. The surface resistivity of the antistatic PVC composites containing 40 phr DBP and 60 phr AP reached 10 8 O/sq orders of magnitude at an RH of 0.1%, and the corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness reached 8.12 MPa, 416%, and 53 A, respectively. Such antistatic PVC composites, therefore, have large potential applications in corresponding antistatic fields, such as the packaging of electrical devices.
Antistatic polyurethane (APU) is prepared by in situ polymerization of polyester glycol (PEL), 4,4 0 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and antistatic agent (AA) formed by dissolving sodium salts in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Comprehensive properties of the APU are investigated by the FT-IR, mechanical characterization, surface resistivity measurement, relative humidity (RH) study, and TGA, respectively. It is found that the surface resistivity of the APU can be effectively reduced to 10 9.15 X, showing a good antistatic property. Moreover, the APU maintains a low surface resistivity (10 9.43 X) at the RH of 0.1%, revealing a non-RH-sensitive capacity of the APU.
The concept of using particle structure design to prepare emulsion laminating adhesives (LAs) for improving both the peel strength and heat resistance properties has been investigated. The homogeneous particle latices based on vinyl acetate/acrylate copolymer (samples 1-3) were synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization with different chain transfer agent (CTA) contents but with no functional monomers, while the coreshell structure crosslinkable latices (samples 4 and 5) were prepared through multistage polymerization technique. The emulsion particle structure was investigated by TEM and particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the average emulsion particle diameter is about 130 nm and the particles grow without secondary nucleation. Samples 1 and 2 prepared with 0.7 and 0.5 phm (per hundred gram monomer) CTA respectively, show high peel strength but poor heat resistance property. On the contrary, the sample 3 prepared with 0.1-phm CTA exhibits low peel strength but relatively good heat resistance. However, sample 4, which was synthesized with 0.5-phm CTA and 0.4-phm acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate (AAEM) in core but 0.5-phm CTA and 0.6-phm AAEM in shell stages, shows high peel strength (1032.9 g/in.) and good heat resistance property (524.9 g/in.). In addition, sample 5 also demonstrates high peel strength (987.2 g/in.) and good heat resistance property (643.5 g/in.) when it was synthesized using 0.1-phm CTA but no AAEM in core, 0.36-phm CTA and 0.75-phm AAEM in shell stages.
An eco-friendly citrate electrolyte-based antistatic plasticizer (CEAP) consisting of sodium thiocyanate-doped tris(2-butoxyethyl) citrate was successfully synthesized using a typical esterification reaction between citric acid and 2-butoxyethanol. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/CEAP composites were then prepared in a Haake torque rheometer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm both the structure of the synthesized CEAP and the coordination effects between the doping salt and CEAP. The dependence of the conductivity of the synthesized CEAP on temperature and concentration of the doping salt was investigated. The surface resistivity and mechanical properties of the PVC/CEAP composites were also studied. The results showed that the surface resistivity of the PVC/CEAP composites could be effectively reduced to the order of 10 7 sq −1 when the CEAP content reached 80 phr. The surface resistivity of the composites still reached 10 8 sq −1 even at a relative humidity of 12%, showing an excellent electrostatic discharge (ESD) capacity. The fabricated composites with good ESD capacity also had a tensile strength of 10 MPa and an elongation at break of 400%, which could satisfy requirements for packaging applications or similar usages.
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