Soursop (Annona muricata) is a plant that is widely available in Indonesia. Of all parts of the soursop plant, the leaves are the most interesting parts to be studied. Soursop leaves are the most interesting part to be investigated because soursop leaves have many benefits and benefits that have been applied in the health sector, both traditional and modern. This is because soursop leaves contain many active compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, acetogenins, and others. The purpose of this review is to compare the best methods commonly used to extract active compounds from soursop leaves. The methods studied were maceration, soxhletation and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The mechanism of the extraction processes and the percentage of yield achieved from the three methods are also reviewed. The results of the review show that MAE is the method that produces the highest yield of the three methods with a yield of 33.98%. This method also has another advantage that is a shorter extraction time.
AbstrakBahan bakar fosil telah digunakan selama beberapa abad yang menyebabkan ketersediaannya semakin berkurang. Hal ini mendorong perlu dilakukan pengembangan baru di bidang energi. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Minyak sawit ini dapat dikonversi melalui proses perengkahan katalitik menjadi biofuel yang ramah lingkungan karena tidak mengandung nitrogen dan sulfur seperti gasolin, kerosin dan diesel.
AbstractOver the centuries, fossil fuels have been used and caused their existence decreased. This problem encourage a new development in energy sector. Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The palm oil can be converted through catalytic cracking into environmental friendly biofuel such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel due to free of the content of nitrogen and sulfur. In this research palm stearin is used as feedstock with the catalyst ZSM-5 which has a surface area of 425 m 2 /g and Si/Al ratio of 50. The variables are the operating temperature of 400°C -450°C and 60 minutes -150 minutes of reaction time. The highest result of liquid product (biofuel) is 93,29 % that obtained at temperature 400°C when the reaction time is 60 minutes, with composition of C6-C12 is 21.82 %, C14-C16 is 19.21% and C18-C28 is 58.97%.
The depletion of fossil energy reserves raises the potential in the development of renewable fuels from vegetable oils. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world, where palm oil can be converted into biofuels such as biogasoline, kerosene and biodiesel. These biofuels are environmentally friendly and free of the content of nitrogen and sulfur through catalytic cracking process. In this research, palm olein is used as feedstock using catalytic cracking process. ZSM-5 is used as a catalyst, which has a surface area of 425 m 2 /g and Si/Al ratio of 50. Variables varied are the operating temperature of 375 o C -450 °C and reaction time of 60 minutes -150 minutes. The result shows that the highest yield of liquid product is 84.82%. This yield is obtained at a temperature of 400 °C and reaction time of 120 minutes. The yield of the liquid product in the operating conditions consisting of C6-C12 amounted to 19.47 %, C14-C16 amounted to 16.56 % and the C18-C28 amounted to 48.80 %.
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