The study of biological invasions can be roughly divided into three parts: detection, monitoring, mitigation. Here, our objectives were to describe the marine fauna of the area of the port of São Sebastião (on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, in the São Sebastião Channel, SSC) to detect introduced species. Descriptions of the faunal community of the SSC with respect to native and allochthonous (invasive or potentially so) diversity are lacking for all invertebrate groups. Sampling was carried out by specialists within each taxonomic group, in December 2009, following the protocol of the Rapid Assessment Survey (RAS) in three areas with artificial structures as substrates. A total of 142 species were identified (61 native, 15 introduced, 62 cryptogenic, 4 not classified), of which 17 were Polychaeta (12, 1, 1, 3), 24 Ascidiacea (3, 6, 15, 0), 36 Bryozoa (17, 0, 18, 1), 27 Cnidaria (2, 1, 24, 0), 20 Crustacea (11, 4, 5, 0), 2 Entoprocta (native), 16 Mollusca (13, 3, 0, 0). Twelve species are new occurrences for the SSC. Among the introduced taxa, two are new for coastal Brazil. Estimates of introduced taxa are conservative as the results of molecular studies suggest that some species previously considered cryptogenic are indeed introduced. We emphasize that the large number of cryptogenic species illustrates the need for a long-term monitoring program, especially in areas most susceptible to bioinvasion. We conclude that rapid assessment studies, even in relatively wellknown regions, can be very useful for the detection of introduced species and we recommend that they be carried out on a larger scale in all ports with heavy ship traffic.
ABSTRACT. The occurrence of golden crabs (Chaceon fenneri) off the northern coast of Brazil was first reported in 2001. Since then, a few companies and boats have exploited this resource. In the state of Ceará, one company has been fishing for these crabs with a single boat since 2003. The production and fishing effort of this company indicated a decrease in the number of trips and total catches per year. Data collected on one trip in 2006 showed that the CPUE was highest at over 650 m depth. As registered for other geryonid crabs, C. fenneri was segregated by sex along the northern slope of Brazil. Male crabs were significantly larger than females, presenting an isometric relationship between carapace width and length and an allometric relationship between carapace width and body weight. Keywords: biology, fishery, Chaceon fenneri, golden crab, Geryonidae, Brazil.Nota sobre la biología y la pesca del cangrejo dorado (Chaceon fenneri) frente a la costa norte de Brasil RESUMEN. La presencia de cangrejos dorados (Chaceon fenneri) frente a la costa norte de Brasil fue primeramente descrita en 2001. Desde entonces, algunas embarcaciones y compañías se han dedicado a explotar este recurso. En el Estado de Ceará, una sola compañía ha estado pescando estos crustáceos desde el año 2003 con una sola embarcación. Se presenta la producción y esfuerzo pesquero aplicado por esa compañía, indicando la disminución en el número de viajes y captura total por año. Registros recolectados en un viaje realizado el 2006 muestran que los mayores valores de CPUE se obtienen a profundidades mayores de 650 m. Al igual que lo registrado en otros Geryonidae, agregaciones por sexo se determinaron en C. fenneri a lo largo del talud en la región norte de Brasil. Los machos fueron significativamente más grandes que las hembras, presentando una relación isométrica entre el ancho y longitud del caparazón; como también, una relación alométrica entre el ancho y el peso.
ABSTRACT. The occurrence of golden crabs (Chaceon fenneri) off the northern coast of Brazil was first reported in 2001. Since then, a few companies and boats have exploited this resource. In the state of Ceará, one company has been fishing for these crabs with a single boat since 2003. The production and fishing effort of this company indicated a decrease in the number of trips and total catches per year. Data collected on one trip in 2006 showed that the CPUE was highest at over 650 m depth. As registered for other geryonid crabs, C. fenneri was segregated by sex along the northern slope of Brazil. Male crabs were significantly larger than females, presenting an isometric relationship between carapace width and length and an allometric relationship between carapace width and body weight. Keywords: biology, fishery, Chaceon fenneri, golden crab, Geryonidae, Brazil.Nota sobre la biología y la pesca del cangrejo dorado (Chaceon fenneri) frente a la costa norte de Brasil RESUMEN. La presencia de cangrejos dorados (Chaceon fenneri) frente a la costa norte de Brasil fue primeramente descrita en 2001. Desde entonces, algunas embarcaciones y compañías se han dedicado a explotar este recurso. En el Estado de Ceará, una sola compañía ha estado pescando estos crustáceos desde el año 2003 con una sola embarcación. Se presenta la producción y esfuerzo pesquero aplicado por esa compañía, indicando la disminución en el número de viajes y captura total por año. Registros recolectados en un viaje realizado el 2006 muestran que los mayores valores de CPUE se obtienen a profundidades mayores de 650 m. Al igual que lo registrado en otros Geryonidae, agregaciones por sexo se determinaron en C. fenneri a lo largo del talud en la región norte de Brasil. Los machos fueron significativamente más grandes que las hembras, presentando una relación isométrica entre el ancho y longitud del caparazón; como también, una relación alométrica entre el ancho y el peso.
The species Styela cearense n. sp. is described from material collected in shallow waters at the Ceará State, Northeastern Brazil. Discussion includes several other species with one gonad on each side of the body, and a tabular key is provided. A set of important anatomical features and their intraspecific variability within the genus is considered, including the number of branchial and stomach folds, the presence of endocarps, and anal border shape.
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