The technological innovations greatly influenced the educators’ teaching approaches. From the traditional face-to-face and teacher-centred approaches, most of the educators now shifted to blended learning and more student-centred activities. Many countries are allocating sufficient budget for the technology infrastructure in order to sustain the quality of education particularly in remote areas. This helped many universities to design courses that students can acquire even outside the formal classrooms and regular class sessions or in a blended learning environment. It allows students to access information and communicates with their instructors online. Despite the benefits of the blended-learning approach, many instructors are not motivated to use it because of the amount of time required for preparing materials, checking online submissions and communicating with the students. In the case of a Philippine comprehensive university, the use of blended learning requires additional time on top of the regular class hours. This study examines if instructors are well equipped to use the blended-learning approach and use the technology for storing lecture notes and learning activities. Problems in internet connection and site restrictions prevented the instructors from appreciating online learning. The study suggests that the institutional support should be strengthened in order to provide opportunities for instructors that will help them realize the importance of their role and that of the technology for the success of blended learning.

The study estimates the impact of inflation, unemployment and population on the education in the Philippines. This study determines the causality between the education expenditure and GDP. This study used the structural stability test to examine the stability of the coefficients of the model between different time periods despite the economic environment in previous years. Findings show that education expenditure granger causes economic growth as what introduced by the endogenous growth theory which emphasized the importance of education on economic growth, in estimating education on the economic growth of the Philippines as education conduit for accumulation of human capital that will have an effect to economic growth. This shows the value of the educated labor force in the Philippine economy, even though the study encountered difficulty in gathering data, specifically for education expenditure as a consequence of limited data published by the government. Findings also show that population and unemployment are statistically significant on education expenditure while inflation is statistically insignificant. This suggests that high demand in education due to an increase in population and unemployment will increase the education expenditure.

This study analyzes the degree of gender inequality in education, labor force participation, and economic opportunity and its relationship with income distribution in India. The study aims to discern if a negative relationship exists between gender inequality in the multi-dimensional context and income distribution. Certain studies prove that gender wage inequality and income distribution exhibit a positive correlation for export-oriented economies wherein women provide most of the labor for the export sector. However, it is not the same case for gender inequality in the education and labor force. The theoretical model is based on Becker’s net earnings model but adjustments are done to the variables used. Using annual time-series data provided by the World Bank, World Inequality Database, and Human Development Report, the researchers assume that gender inequality in wages, mean and expected years of schooling, and labor force participation rate affects income distribution across the top, middle, and bottom classes in India. In addressing this issue, the purpose of the study is to form policy recommendations to reduce inequalities in gender across India’s education and economic sector.

Solid waste was an unavoidable by-product of most human activities. Solid waste management played a significant role in reducing waste and increasing recycling in the MSW sector. The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of environmental factors on variables such as municipal solid waste (MSW), MSW per capita, and recycling rate to socioeconomic factors such as population and economic performance from selected countries or economies. The study used selected OECD countries, namely, South Korea, the USA, Spain, Switzerland, and the Philippines utilizing their annual data from 1990 to 2018. This study employed panel regression analysis to examine the effect of environmental factors on the individual economy and Granger Causality test with the basis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to conduct empirical verification of the theoretical basis. The result indicated that municipal solid waste (MSW) has a significant positive effect on a country's economic growth (GDP per capita). However, for material recycling, Spain was the only country that has shown a positive relationship between material recycling (Recycling Rate) and economic growth (GDP per capita). While the rest of the selected countries have shown no significant effect on the country's economic growth. The results of the granger causality test are confirmed bidirectionally between municipal solid waste per capita (MSW), GDP per capita growth in %(EG), and Recycling Rate(RR). The research strongly recommended that solid waste management policies/practices of the selected OECD Countries should be considered and applied in the Philippines to decrease the amount of waste and increase the recycling in the MSW.

The Philippines has one of the highest electricity prices in Asia. Contributing factors to these are the short supply of domestic coal and oil resources, the high cost of imported coal, and the lack of pursuit of renewable energy. This paper looks into the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the Philippines. It identified if a Granger causality exists between variables GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption per capita and nonrenewable energy consumption per capita. An objective was to identify if shifting to renewable energy is a means to further spur Philippine economic growth. GDP per capita data was taken from the World Bank, while energy consumption per capita of renewable and nonrenewable energy was calculated from Our World in Data ranging from years 1965 to 2019. Granger causality tests were used to determine if said variables Granger caused one another. Results show support to the null hypothesis that renewable energy consumption and nonrenewable energy consumption per capita do not Granger cause GDP per capita. A significant positive relationship was found between nonrenewable energy consumption and GDP. Taken together, these empirical findings provide valuable information for policymakers and future researchers. Results suggest that energy conservation policies may still be implemented in the Philippines without negatively affecting economic growth. Policy recommendations include the usage of renewable energy sources to mitigate environmental degradation and reduce carbon emissions. As renewable energy becomes more appealing as a source of efficient and sustainable electricity, significant support and attention must continually be given to the country's renewable energy industry.