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ABSTRACT. Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the "Baixada Santista" region, coastal São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A list with 538 species of butterflies recorded in the Baixada Santista, São Paulo (SE Brazil) is presented. Standard sampling protocols (i.e. with entomological nets) were followed. Baited traps were installed for fruit feeding species. Data from the literature and entomological collections were also considered in the total estimated species richness. The species richness recorded in the Baixada Santista region represents about 16% of the Brazilian butterfly fauna, and 34% of the known butterfly fauna for the state of São Paulo. The present list contains an appreciably higher number of species in comparison to other lists from similar biomes farther south, such as Blumenau in Santa Catarina, and Maquiné in Rio Grande do Sul.

The frugivorous butterflies species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) known from Morro Grande Forest Reserve and Caucaia do Alto (Cotia, SP) are presented as a field guide.

SummaryAmerican Acraeinae butterflies often ingest large amounts of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their Asteraceae hostplants in both larval and adult stages, but do not normally store these compounds for defence, instead biosynthesizing large amounts of the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin in all stages. This defence syndrome (rejection of plant toxins and de novo synthesis of protective chemicals) is considered to be the most evolved among aposematic (unpalatable mimicry-model) butterflies, as are the Acraeinae and Heliconiini which also synthesize cyanogens. Storage or minimal processing of larval hostplant-derived defensive chemicals is widespread and characterizes the most primitive model groups; an intermediate series (Danainae/Ithomiinae) also obtains the principal defensive chemicals (PAs) from plants, but mostly in the adult stage. These syndromes are discussed and contrasted with the pattern seen in Chrysomelidae beetles, where de novo synthesis is widespread and considered primitive.

Francini, R.B. and Penz, C.M. An illustrated key to male Actinote from Southeastern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).Biota Neotrop. Jan/Abr 2006, vol. 6, no. 1 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/abstract?identificationkey+bn00606012006. ISSN 1676-0603 In certain times of the year, Actinote butterflies can be vastly abundant in Southeastern Brazil, thus representing conspicuous denizens of our fauna. Their wing coloration allows for the recognition of five major patterns, which probably resulted from mimicry. Furthermore, examination of series of field-collected and reared specimens clearly demonstrates a high intra-specific variation in wing color pattern. In concert, inter-specific resemblance (mimicry) and intraspecific variation make it difficult to discriminate Actinote species from each other. This key aims at providing a tool for identification of male Actinote. To that effect, we provide diagnostic characters and illustrations of wings and male genitalia for 22 species. We hope that the clear identification of these species will lead to the discovery of species yet unrecognized in Southeastern Brazil. Key words: butterfly, identification, genitalia, mimicry. ResumoFrancini, R.B. and Penz, C.M. Chave ilustrada para machos de Actinote do sudeste do Brasil (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).Biota Neotrop. Jan/Abr 2006, vol. 6, no. 1 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/abstract?identificationkey+bn00606012006. ISSN 1676-0603 Em certas épocas do ano, as borboletas do gênero Actinote podem ser muito abundantes no sudeste do Brasil, constituindo, então, elementos conspícuous da nossa fauna. Sua coloração alar permite a separação em cinco padrões básicos, provavelmente relacionados com o mimetismo. Além disso, séries de exemplares coletados no campo ou criados em laboratório demonstram claramente que existe uma grande variabilidade intra-específica na coloração alar destas borboletas. Em conjunto, a semelhança entre as espécies (mimetismo) e variação intra-específica dificultam o reconhecimento das espécies de Actinote. Esta chave tem como objetivo auxiliar a identificação dos machos destas borboletas e, para tanto, são apresentados caracteres diagnósticos, ilustrações das asas e genitália de 22 espécies. Esperamos que a clara identificação destas espécies possa revelar a presença de espécies ainda não reconhecidas no sudeste do Brasil. Palavras-chave: borboleta, identificação, genitalia, mimetismo.Biota Neotropica v6 (n1) -http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/abstract?identification-key+bn00606012006

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Two new species of Actinote (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) are described from southeastern Brazil. Actinote eberti sp. nov. occurs in the Serra da Mantiqueira region and resembles members of the Actinote black-yellow mimicry group. Actinote pratensis sp. nov. is found in widely scattered points in the rich-soil central S o Paulo transition between montane and semideciduous atlantic forest, and belongs to the orange-yellow mimicry group.

The interactions of the antOdontomachus bauriwith nymphs of the sap-sucking bugXedreota tuberculata(Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) were studied onSipaneaaff. (Rubiaceae) along a trail in an upland forest in the Ecological Reserve of Anavilhanas, AM, Brazil. Five complete interactions at day and at night (about 60 minutes) were analyzed. The care of cicadelid nymphs ranged between 12 and 961 seconds.