In this book the authors provide a fresh look at basic reliability and maintainability engineering techniques and management tools for application to the system maintenance planning and implementation process. The essential life-cycle reliability centered maintenance (ReM) activities are focused on maintenance planning and the prevention of failure. The premise is that more efficient, and therefore effective, life-cycle maintenance programs can be established using a well disciplined decision logic analysis process that addresses individual part failure modes, their consequences, and the actual preventive maintenance tasks. This premise and the techniques and tools described emphasize preventive, not corrective, maintenance.The authors also describe the techniques and tools fundamental to maintenance engineering. They provide an understanding of the interrelationships of the elements of a complete ReM program (which are applicable to any complex system or component and are not limited only to the aircraft industry). They describe special methodologies for improving the maintenance process. These include an on-condition maintenance (OeM) methodology to identify defects and potential deterioration which can determine what is needed as a maintenance action in order to prevent failure during use.Additionally, the authors describe an aircraft flight safety prediction model that can be used to facilitate application of the ReM analysis process. The model takes into account defects and failure mechanisms that may be introduced during production, storage, operation, and v vi Foreword maintenance. Standardized functional fault tree diagrams are presented which serve as templates to facilitate application or tailoring to specific systems or major components.This book can be a valuable reference document for continuous improvement of the system maintenance planning and implementation process.
The Reliability Analysis Center (RAC) is a service for the dissemination of reliability information concerning integrated circuits, hybrid devices, discrete devices (transistors, diodes) and selected non-electronic parts employed in military, space and commercial applications.The RAC analyzes and disseminates information that is generated during all phases of device fabrication, testing, equipment assembly and operation. RAC data files are continually updated through information collected by R&D, testing laboratories, device and equipment manufacturers, government agencies and field installations. REQUESTS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE RAC SERVICES AND PUBLICATIONS MAY BE DIRECTED PREFACEThis Reliability Design Handbook is intended to serve as a tool for designers of military equipment and, in particular, for designers of equipment items that would typically make up avionics systems. The handbook provides guidelines for use by design engineers to assure the achievement of a reliable end product. From the standpoint of design, it is consistent with, and extends, basic concepts and reliability improvement techniques described in MIL-HDBK-217B. Specifically, the handbook provides design information, factors, and parameters, and other engineering data affecting reliability. In addition, the handbook describes the approach to reliable design, includes theoretical and cost considerations and describes methods covering such considerations as part control, derating, environmental resistance, redundancy and design evaluation. The foresight of Air Force Systems Command and Rome Air DevelopmentCenter in recognizing the need for a comprehensive guidance document to aid electronic design engineers in achieving design reliability goals provided the impetus for preparation of this handbook. Such measures demand that all reliability activities be effectively managed during the entirety of system development. Reliability efforts start with design-selecting the best parts, applying part derating concepts, incorporating screening techniques and/or designing redundancy into the system. It includes both purchasing practices and specifications which insure the procurement of reliable components. It ranges from adequate test methods and assembly processes to effective formal systems for accurately reporting, analyzing and correcting failures which occur during use. Many times, only a little additional effort is needed to assure acceptable field reliability. In contrast, the consequences of unreliability in the field are severe--high cost and excessive maintenance downtime. The cooperation and technical direction of Thomas Reliability and Life CharacteristicsReliability has been described as "quality in the time dimension".It is classically defined as the probability that an item will perform satisfactorily for a specified period of time under a stated set of use conditions. From a functional point of view, in order for an item to be reliable, it must do more than meet an initial factory performance or qua...
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As silicon integration complexity increases with 3D stacking and Through-Silicon-Via (TSV), so does the occurrence of memory and IO defects and associated test and validation time. This ultimately leads to an overall cost increase. On a 14nm Intel SOC, a reusable BIST engine called ConvergedPattern-Generator-Checker (CPGC) are architected to detect memory and IO defects, and combined with the software assisted repair technology to automatically repair memory cell defects on 3D stacked Wide-IO DRAM. Additionally, we also present the CPGC gate count, power, simulation, and silicon results. The reusable CPGC IP is designed to connect to a standard IP interface, which enables a quick turn-key SOC development cycle. Silicon results show CPGC can speed up validation by 5x, improve test time from minutes down to seconds, and decrease debug time by 5x including root-cause of boot failures of the memory interface. CPGC is also used in memory training and initialization, which makes it a critical part of Intel SOC.
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