Published articles on iliotibial band friction syndrome have been reviewed. These articles cover the epidemiology, etiology, anatomy, pathology, prevention, and treatment of the condition. This article describes (1) the various etiological models that have been proposed to explain iliotibial band friction syndrome; (2) some of the imaging methods, research studies, and clinical experiences that support or call into question these various models; (3) commonly proposed treatment methods for iliotibial band friction syndrome; and (4) the rationale behind these methods and the clinical outcome studies that support their efficacy.
SUMMARY Two groups of patients with primary Parkinsonism were studied with the ganzfeld electroretinogram (ERG): (1) seven patients who had never received dopamimetic agents, and (2) six patients given an infusion of levodopa following a period of medication withdrawal. Patients in the first category had a subtle increase in the latency of their short-wavelength sensitive cone response recorded from the retina ipsilateral to their more symptomatic side. Most patients in the second category demonstrate an improvement in their ERG when the responses recorded following levodopa infusion were compared with baseline responses obtained during the period of medication withdrawal. These results suggest that one role of retinal dopamine may be maintenance of normal retinal responsiveness to flash stimuli.Destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is known to occur in patients with Parkinson's disease.' A more generalised defect in dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease has been suggested.2 One possible clinical manifestation of a more global involvement is the prolonged latency of the visual evoked potential (VEP), the extent of which has been correlated with the clinical severity of the disease.3 Two related findings suggest that the delayed VEP may be related to dopaminergic pathways in the retina. The first finding is the interocular differences in VEP latency.4 The second is that dopamine depleters and blockers increase latency of the VEP recorded over the visual cortex without altering the conduction time within the optic tract.5Compared with the VEP, a more localised evaluation of neuronal activity within the retina can be obtained with the electroretinogram,(ERG).6 Studies with rabbits show that N-methyl-phenylAddress for reprint requests: Myles Jay
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