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Clacton-on-Sea is a coastal town in the County of Essex, England. It is 75 km northeast of London, 18 km southeast of Colchester (fig. 1). The archaeological site which is the subject of this report comes within Clacton Urban District (civil parish of Great Clacton) although associated earlier discoveries extend to Jaywick Sands, and in the opposite direction, northward, to Holland-on-Sea, both in the same Urban District. The National Grid Reference for the site is TM 157134.The Pleistocene deposits at Clacton have attracted attention since the first half of the nineteenth century when John Brown of Stanway collected mammalian remains from the foreshore (Brown 1838, 1840). Flint artifacts first appear to have been recognized at the end of the century (Kenworthy 1898). Hazzledine Warren watched exposures between Clacton Pier and Lion Point from about 1910 to 1950, and collected the large quantity of artifacts and faunal remains now in the British Museum. His many papers give much of the history and details of the site and surrounding area (especially Warren 1922, 1923, 1924, 1951, 1955). The only previous controlled archaeological examination in the Clacton area was conducted by Dr K. Oakley and Mrs M. Leakey in 1934 on behalf of the British Association, and their report was published in volume 3 of these Proceedings (Oakley and Leakey 1937). More recently, pollen data relating to these excavated deposits have been obtained from boreholes behind the cliff on West Marine Parade and the foreshore (Pike and Godwin 1953; Turner and Kerney 1971).

Two new specimens of the early Oligocene primate Branisella boliviana have been discovered recently in deposits at Salla, Bolivia. One specimen is a right mandibular fragment with M 1 and roots of M 3 . The other, a right maxillary fragment, includes M' , M? and the first known M3 for this primate. The M3 is substantially smaller than other upper molars, with a reduced protocone and metacone, and only an incipient hypocone. Three roots are present on all upper molars and two on all lower molars. Although M 3is more complex than M3 of Saimiri, considerable similarities support the assertion that Branisella boliviana is a platyrrhine primate.RESUMEN -Dos muestras nuevas del primate Branisella boliviana del Oligoceno temprano han sido descubiertas recientemente en los depositos de Salla, Bolivia. Una muestra es un fragmento de la mandibula derecha con el M 1 y raices del M 3 . La otra, un fragmento del maxilar derecho, incluye el MI, M? y el primer M3 conocido en este primate. EI M3 es substancialmente mas pequefio que los otros molares superiores, con el protocono y metacono reducidos y solamente un hypocono incipiente. Se notan tres raices en todos los molares superiores y dos en todos los molares inferiores. Aunque el M3 es mas complejo que el M3 de Saimiri, semejanzas considerables sostienen la aseveracion que Branisella boliviana es un primate platirrino.

Analysis of several thousand mammalian fossils from late Pleistocene sediments in California provide data on sampling in mammalian paleoecology. Recovery of bones and teeth from the screenwashed bulk sediment sample residue is considered nearly total. Neither surface collecting alone, nor small bulk samples provide satisfactory quantitative data on original community structure or postmortem alterations in community organization. Minimum sample size for the analysis of diversity is discussed. Diversity and size-trophic ratios of the total identifiable mammalian component of this fauna (N = 1222) are similar to those expected in living communities, and therefore suggest adequate sampling, and minimally biased samples.