As a response to current global trends in the field of higher education and studies, the attitude has become prevalent in the European Commission and among member states of the European Union (EU) that major reforms are required to help European higher education successfully compete under the conditions of globalization and a knowledge-based economy. Studies focused on student personal success and citizenship education are inseparable from technological advancement and international mobility opportunities, the integration of top international teachers, collaborative studies with students from various countries, as well as other factors that can help prepare open, tolerant, creative and well-prepared graduates. The quality of research and education remains a priority in European higher education. University management must be based on community spirit, the autonomy of academic units, as well as on a results-oriented approach leading toward greater efficiency and financial stability. The aim of the present article is to examine the effects of management innovations in higher education using the case of Mykolas Romeris University, as this learning institution was one of the first in Lithuania to apply the modern study management methods. The research goal is to determine whether or not there is a difference between general higher education trends in Lithuania and the trends observed at MRU. Descriptive statistical methods were applied in the data analysis, with the relations of the data, the indexes as well as speed of change calculated. Strength among links is assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The article analyses the use of modern innovation management methods that have helped the university survive in the difficult conditions of greater competition and reduced state funding.
Labour market functioning is aff ected by a number of internal and external factors. It is increasingly acknowledged that GDP should be associated with additional data and indicators. Th e eff ect of employment quality improvement on the quality of life is analysed in the study. Th e analysis of economic indicators enables not only evaluating the country's economic level, but also determine the relation between these factors, the condition of the labour market and the development of small and medium businesses. Th e article provides a theoretical analysis of the relation between employment and life quality. Th e empirical part analyses the results of the research "Labour, employment and entrepreneurship of the population", carried out under the commission of scientists, Mykolas Romeris University
ĮvadasNors kankinimai pradėti drausti XX a. pradžioje humanitarinės teisės normų 1 [45, p. 96], žmogaus teisių apsaugai skirtose sutartyse kankinimas pirmą kartą pasmerktas 1949 metų Jungtinių Tautų Organizacijos (toliau -JTO) Visuotinėje žmogaus teisių deklaracijoje [1]. Nors ir 1 J. Žilinskas kankinimo uždraudimo tarptautiniu mastu pradžią sieja su humanitarinės teisės kodifikavimo procesais. Mokslininkas nurodo, kad nors 1899 ir 1907 metų Hagos konvencijose terminas "kankinimai" nevartojamas, tačiau bendrosios jų nuostatos leidžia teigti, jog kankinimai ir jiems identiškas elgesys yra draudžiamas dėl to, kad tai nesuderinama su humaniško elgesio su priešu, belaisviu ar civiliu gyventoju sąvoka. Vilniaus universiteto Teisės fakulteto mykolo romerio universiteto Teisės fakulteto baudžiamosios teisės katedros docentas Tarptautinės teisės katedros lektorė socialinių mokslų daktaras ateities g. 20, lT-08303 Vilnius saulėtekio al. 9, i rūmai, lT-10222 Vilnius Tel. (+370 5) 271 46 69 Tel. (+370 5) 236 61 67 Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kankinimo samprata tarptautinėje teisėje: detalizuojami sudedamieji kankinimo sąvokos elementai, atskleidžiamos jų turinio nustatymo problemos. Autoriai analizuoja, kas lėmė tarptautinėje teisėje vyraujančios kankinimo sąvokos, siejamos su tyčiniu specialaus subjekto veikimu ar neveikimu, kuriuo aukai sukeliamas stiprus fizinis ar psichinis skausmas ar kančia, nustatymą. Įvardijami kankinimo sampratos skirtumai, atsižvelgiant į tai, ar tarptautinės teisės nuostatomis reguliuojama individuali asmens baudžiamoji ar valstybės, pažeidusios tarptautinius įsipareigojimus, atsakomybė.The article covers the analysis of the concept of torture in international law: it elaborates the elements of the definition of torture and deals with the problems of determination of their content. The authors analyze the factors that might have influenced the establishment of the definition of torture that prevails in international law and is associated with intentional conduct of a public officer causing severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental. The article also identifies the differences in the concept of torture as a basis for individual criminal responsibility and state liability for infringement of international commitments.būdama tik rekomendacinė, ši deklaracija turėjo didelę reikšmę tolesniam žmogaus teisių apsaugos mechanizmų vystymuisi. remiantis šiuo dokumentu sukurta tiek universali, tiek regioninė žmogaus teisių apsaugos sistema 2 [2; 3; 4; 8]; šiuose dokumentuose kankinimas įgijo absoliučios teisės, nuo kurios negalima nuokrypti nei karo, nei taikos metu, pobūdį [29]. Vis dėlto dėl pirmųjų tarptautinės teisės aktų, 2 Kankinimas buvo uždraustas JTO priimtame 1966 metų Tarptautiniame pilietinių ir politinių teisių pakte (toliau -TPPTP), 1950 metų Žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių konvencijoje (toliau -EŽTK), 1969 metų Amerikos žmogaus teisių konvencijoje (AŽTK), 1981 metų Afrikos žmogaus ir tautų teisių chartijoje.
One of the main responsibilities of public institutions is to ensure the safety of its citizens and protection of their rights. When addressing these challenges, particular importance is given to court expert investigations. Th e European Council raised the task: to create a unifi ed European forensic science area until 2020. In order to carry out this task, it is necessary to achieve cooperation between diff erent countries in the fi eld of forensic science, to implement general forensic science standards. Th e aim of article is to examine the problems of criminalists' international cooperation. Lithuanian criminalists joined the process of guidelines implementation for the project of creation of European forensic science area and development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe. Researches of Mykolas Romeris University (MRU) are carrying out the related research since 2005. Th e article analyses the problems of work organization in expert institutions by analysing the possibility for Lithuania to join the common European forensic science area. Th e research results show that such work should be coordinated by specifi c legal acts.
Mykolo Romerio universiteto Mykolo Romerio teisės mokyklos Baudžiamosios teisės ir proceso institutas
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