The aim of this work was to investigate bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in flour (FAc) and protein concentrate (PCAc) from Amaranthus cruentus seeds (Ac), and to study their effect on the liver histoarchitecture of Wistar rats.Total phenols (mg gallic acid eq/100 g dry weight) content was 73.78 Ϯ 1.70 for FAc, and 190.23 Ϯ 1.50 for PCAc. The antioxidant activity was estimated by: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide scavenging activity (NO) and b-carotene bleaching method (b-carotene). The values expressed as percentage correspond to FAc and PCAc, respectively. DPPH: 86.30 Ϯ 1.1 and 88.83 Ϯ 1.2; NO: 29.38 Ϯ 1.9 and 48.75 Ϯ 1.7;. The histopathological diagnosis indicates that casein-fed rats present moderate fat infiltration in the liver, whereas in PCAc-fed rats, the liver has structural integrity. The presence of phenols would provoke an increase of the antioxidant defenses and would produce a protective role in liver. It is suggested that Ac could be a good antioxidant source.
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were introduced for the extraction of free selenoamino acids from lyophilized and powdered milk samples. Different NADES were evaluated, and lactic acid:glucose (LGH) showed the highest selenium recoveries. Selenium analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). Se-NADES analysis in ICP MS was optimized according to the radio frequency power and nebulization gas flow rate. Se-NADES extraction was optimized by an experimental design. LGH dilution, LGH volume, sample quantity, and ultrasound time were factors influencing the extraction. Seleno-amino acids were determined by liquid chromatography-ICP MS. After optimization, the limits of detection obtained were 7.37, 8.63, and 9.64 µg kg -1 for selenocysteine, selenomethionine, and seleno-methylselenocysteine, respectively. The NADES-extraction is a green procedure with 2 penalty points in the EcoScale. The method was applied to the analysis of powdered milk, lyophilized Se-fortified sheep milk, and ERM-BD151 skimmed milk powder.
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