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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractResistivity image segmentation allows mapping of similar regions in a scene leading to the recognition of distinct geological features such as rock fractures and thin beds. Recognition of similar patterns embedded in resistivity image data is the basis of clustering regions in an image. Therefore an efficient clustering technique is a natural choice for image segmentation. Efforts to develop algorithms for adaptive and less computationally complex classification of data have led to the implementation of neural network classifiers of both supervised and unsupervised learning. Such neural network architectures are ways to achieve autonomous processing of patterns but are not considered to incorporate intelligent decision processes offered by various techniques of fuzzy clustering. Integration of fuzzy membership values of objects into neural network processing generates more robust models for intelligent pattern recognition.This paper presents and efficient object extraction method for resistivity image segmentation based on neuro-fuzzy clustering algorithms. The neuro-fuzzy approach retains the basic properties and architectures of neural networks and fuzzifies some other elements, enhancing the learning speed and generalization capabilities.

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractIn this paper we describe a novel approach to fuzzy model identification that gives solution to the inverse problem of permeability prediction from NMR data. The fuzzy logic approach uses fuzzy If-Then rules to establish the relationship between permeability (output variable) and the NMR T 2 distribution mean values φ NMR , φ FF , φ BF (input variables). We introduce an intelligent data-driven method that generates the fuzzy rules in a two-steps learning algorithm. In the first step, fuzzy clustering is performed on a set of input-output core measurements to obtain an initial approximation of the fuzzy rules in a rapid prototyping approach. This set of observations is the only information assumed about the model behavior. In the second step, the antecedent and consequent parameters of the identified fuzzy rules are fine-tuned by means of a gradient descent method. The identified fuzzy model is subsequently used to estimate permeability in uncored wells in the same field.Computer simulations using data from a complex siliclastic sequence in the Maracaibo Basin (western Venezuela) show the advantages of this methodology over the conventional empirical and statistical inversion methods.

Purpose: Belief is a major aspect of every human being, especially in critical situations. We aimed to investigate if physicians think that religion should be implemented in the communication and/or management of the critical patient. We assessed their opinion about the need to have spiritual figures among the healthcare team in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: An anonymous 30-question survey was conducted over a period of 7 months among health care providers in 174 different institutions around 40 different countries. The Questionnaire addressed religion and how it may affect the management and/or interaction with patients. Specifically, we inquired if the presence of a religious figure (e.g. Rabbi, Priest/Pastor, Imam, etc.) would enhance the communication and/or management of the patients. Results: Of the 10,106 surveys that were submitted, 30.6% (n=3092) were physicians, 22.4% (n=2262) were nurses, and the rest were medical students and other health care providers. The opinions on the impact on managing patients and communicating with them and their families in the presence of a spiritual authority, such as a Pastor, Priest, Rabbi, Imam or any other religious figure, as part of the ICU team, revealed that 47.9% (n=1480) of physicians thought it could be beneficial, 14% (n=433) said that it could be harmful, and 36.6% (n=1131) affirmed no impact. Regarding nurses, 51.4% (n=1163) indicated that it is beneficial, 10.1% (n=228) indicated that it is harmful, and 35.6% (n=806) think there is no impact. Of the physicians, 20.3% (n=628) of practicing members of a religion, 16.7% (n=519) of those who are believers but not practicing, 7.8% (n=242) of those spiritual but not religious, 2.1% (n=65) of those who do not believe in god or gods, consider that religious figures incorporated in the ICU team can improve patient outcome. While 26.0% (n=557) of nurses who are practicing members, 20.3% (n=435) of those who are believers but not practicing, and only 1% (n=116) of the other two categories (the spiritual but not religious and the non-believers) share the same opinion, p <0.001. Conclusions: One in every two physicians/nurses in this study considered spiritual authorities, as part of the ICU team, beneficial in managing the patients and communicating with them and their families. We also found a correlation between the religious practice of the physicians/nurses and their opinion about its impact on the care of the patients. Physicians who are committed to a religious practice, tend to state that this could be beneficial; while nurses who are spiritual but not religious indicated no impact on the management.