Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has outstanding properties such as high thermal stability, resistance to acid solvents and good mechanical strength. Due to its properties, PVDF is widely used as a membrane matrix. However, PVDF membrane is hydrophobic properties, so as for specific applications, the surface of membrane needs to be modified to become hydrophilic. This research aims to modify PVDF membrane surface with chitosan and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker agent. The FTIR spectra showed that the modified membrane has a peak at 1655 cm-1, indicating the imine group (–N=C)- that was formed due to the crosslink between amine group from chitosan and aldehyde group from glutaraldehyde. Results showed that the contact angle of the modified membrane decreases to 77.22° indicated that the membrane hydrophilic properties (< 90°) were enhanced. Prior to the modification, the contact angle of the PVDF membrane was 90.24°, which shows hydrophobic properties (> 90°). The results of porosity, Ɛ (%) for unmodified PVDF membrane was 55.39%, while the modified PVDF membrane has a porosity of 81.99%. Similarly, by modifying the PVDF membrane, pure water flux increased from 0.9867 L/m2h to 1.1253 L/m2h. The enhancement of porosity and pure water flux for the modified PVDF membrane was due to the improved surface hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane.
Crude palm oil (CPO) has emerged as a significant commodity in the economic and social development of producer nations.
Impari Sembilan is one of the superior varieties used in Pintupadang. This seedling is one of the superior varieties produced from an agricultural hall in Indonesia. Rice productivity efforts can be increased by using superior varieties administration of growth regulators. Cytokines application a role in the formation of grains and root during the initial process of grains development, affect the percentage of seed and will affect the yield. kosarmas fertilizer is an organic fertilizer from cow dung, charcoal, candlenut shell and golden snails as organic fertilizer which improves soil physic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of cytokynins and KOSARMAS fertilizer on wet weight, dry weight, seed filling of Impari rice plants. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors, namely the cytokinin concentration of 0,10,25,50 ppm and Kosarmas liquid fertilizer concentration of 0,20,30,50 ml. Based on the analysis of error variance of 5%. Cytokinin at a concentration of 50 ppm increased the height of Impari rice stalks while cytokinin applied at a concentration of 25 ppm increased, the amount of fresh weight of 100 rice seed, dry weight of sed. A dose of 30 ml kosarmas fertilizer increases the total amount of panicle grain. REFERENCES Daie, J.1985.Carbohydrate partitioning and metabolism in crops.Hort.Review,7: 69-108. Gomez, K. A., And Gomez, A. A. 1976. Statistical Procedure For Agriculture Research With Emphasize On Rice. International Rice Research Institue, Los Banos Philipines Mukarim ,A. K. 2005. Peupukan berimbang pada tanaman pangan khusus padi sawah : Seminar Rutin Pulitbang Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Ookura, T.Wada, M.Sakakakibara, Y.Jeong,K.H.Maruta, I.Kawamaru,Y and Kasamo,K.1994. Indentifacition and characterization of family of gene for the plasma membrane H+-ATP ase Oryza sativa L. Plant cell Physiol.,35:1251-1256. Oparka, K.J, and Gates ,. P.J.1981. Transport Of assimilates in the developing caryopsis of rice. Ultrastructure of the pericarp vascular bundle and its connection with the aleurone layer. Planta,151:561-573. Shah, S.H.2006.The response of nigella Sativa L.to foliar application of gibberellic acid and kinetin.Biol.Plant.In Press. Taize and Zeiger. 2002. Plant Physiology Third Edition. Sinauer Association: USA.
Black rice is very potential to be expanded because the content of anthocyanin, vitamin B1, and vitamin E black rice is higher than brown rice or white rice. At present, black rice producers are in Java, whereas in Sumatra, South Tapanuli District, Angkola Sub-District is a new type of black rice for rice farmers, so it is necessary to introduce and cultivate. The aims of the research was to determine the effect of chicken manure and paclobutrazol concentration on the tiller number and stems height of the rice plant in Batang Angkola District, South Tapanuli. This research method used was Randomized Block Design Factorial with two factors. The first factor was application of chicken manure (C) with dosage 0 g/pot 3 g/pot (C1), 6 g/pot (C2) and 9 g/pot (P3). The second factor was application paklobutrazol (P) with concentrations of 0 ppm (P0), 25 ppm (P1), 50 ppm (P2) and 75 ppm (P3). Statistical analysis used Anova 5%. If there is a difference followed by DMRT. The result showed that application of chicken manure at 9 g/pot (C3) and paclobutrazol 75 ppm (P3) were produce more tiller number and able to decrease height of black rice plant. Key words : Black Rice, Chicken manure, Paklobutrazol, South Tapanuli District, Tiller number, ABSTRAK Padi hitam sangat potensial dikembangkan karena kandungan antosianin, vitamin B1, dan vitamin E padi hitam lebih tinggi dari beras merah maupun beras putih. Adapun daerah penghasil beras hitam saat ini masih terdapat di daerah-daerah Pulau Jawa, sementara di Pulau Sumatera, khususnya di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Kecamatan Batang Angkola beras hitam masih tergolong tanaman padi jenis baru bagi para petani beras sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya perkenalan dan budidaya di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kotoran ayam dan paclobutrazol terhadap jumlah anakan dan tinggi batang padi hitam yang tumbuh di Kecamatan Batang Angkola, Tapanuli Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama, aplikasi Kotoran ayam (C) dengan dosis 0 g/pot (C0), 3 g/pot (C1), 6 g/pot (C2) dan 9 g/pot. Faktor kedua, paklobutrazol (P) dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (P0), 25 ppm (P1), 50 ppm (P2) dan 75 ppm (P3). Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik analisis variansi pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila ada beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan DMRT. Hasil penelitian aplikasi Kotoran ayam 9 g/pot (C3) dan paclobutrazol 75 ppm (P3) menghasilkan jumlah anakan lebih banyak dan dapat menekan pertumbuhan tinggi batang padi hitam yang ditanam. Kata Kunci : Jumlah anakan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Kotoran Ayam, Paclobutrazol, Padi hitam.
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