A successful biogas production process depends upon adequate hydrolysis of macromolecules in the substrate and stable further conversion. The complex and rigid structure of cellulosic, hemicellulosic and lignin chain is preventing lignocellulosic biomass to reach efficient hydrolysis, therefore pretreatment of a substrate is needed for higher biogas and methane yields. There are several different physical and chemical methods of pretreatments available which include the usage of acids, alkalis, organic solvents, ionic detergents, steam, high pressure, grinding, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation. Physico-chemical pretreatments act rapidly on lignocellulose but their upscaling is very expensive in industry. Many studies have been made in finding the best combination of different pretreatment methods and also new biological techniques which could make lignocellulose pretreatment cheaper and environmentally more friendly. Using natural abilities of different fungi, bacteria or yeast to degrade lignocellulose simplifies the whole process. Also cocktails of biotechnologically produced enzymes are effective in degrading lignocellulose. Keywords Lignocellulose Á Physico-chemical pretreatments Á Biological pretreatments Á Enzymatic hydrolysis Á Biogas Biogas Production Process Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials is too slow in nature to be applicable in biogas production at industry level. Poor lignin degradation, production of toxic digested Endorsed by Prof. Romana Marinšek Logar.
Aim: To evaluate the influence of wheat bran and oat bran on the oxidative stress induced by a high proportion of fat in the diet. Methods: Forty-eight growing pigs were penned individually and after an adaptation period divided into four groups. All groups received isocaloric daily rations composed of basal diet which was then supplemented with: starch (controls; CONT), linseed oil (OIL), linseed oil and wheat bran, or linseed oil and oat bran. The experimental period lasted 14-days. The oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood plasma, the 48-hour urinary MDA excretion, and the degree of leukocyte nuclear DNA damage. Results: In comparison with the CONT group, a significant increase in the MDA concentration in blood plasma and in the MDA excretion in urine was found in the OIL group. The degree of DNA damage in the OIL group was also significantly higher. In comparison with the OIL group, the wheat bran and oat bran supplementation significantly reduced the 24-hour MDA excretion in urine and reduced the degree of DNA damage in leukocytes to the level of the CONT group. Conclusion: The results of the experiments confirmed that a high wheat bran and oat bran intake effectively reduces oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet.
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