The present paper is aimed at improving minimization methods in traffic flows, particularly reducing the costs of civil transportation through sections of the transport network by giving priority to public transport in densely developed areas. In cities with a radial and radial–circular planning scheme of the road network, where arterial traffic flows converge in the central part, the challenge of street congestion with traffic often arises. As a result, delays of all types of vehicles increase, which causes excessive travel time for users of private and public transport. In this regard, it is proposed to divide the sections of the transport network into eight types based on their geometric parameters and traffic conditions. This differentiation of sections improves the existing methods for determining the spatial delay of traffic flows on sections of the transport network with different parameters. It was achieved by considering the duration of vehicles passing signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks and the sections of streets between them, while simultaneously recording the duration of public transport movement, as well as the time they spend at stopping points, using GPS receivers. The results of onsite monitoring and further computations revealed that there are particular urban sections with specific, different distances between adjacent stop lines that are critical for public transport operation. Furthermore, based on the delay criterion, there were three different passage modes proposed to improve the efficiency of the traffic.
The method and results of transport research, carried out by field research method, on the determination of the main indicators of traffic flows with significant unevenness of the movement on the arterial street in conditions of coordinated control is reviewed in the paper. Time parameters of traffic light control for which a reduction in traffic delay is achieved in direct and opposite traffic flow by the change of permissive signal depending on traffic intensity are determined using the simulation method. Change (increase) of the duration of the permissive signal provides uninterrupted movement of vehicles` group during their passage of stop-line at traffic light objects. The proposed method can be used on sections of transport networks with coordinated control, where there is significant heterogeneity of traffic flow, and it prevents the dissipation of groups that consist of vehicles with different dynamic characteristics. Such a result is being performed in the case when in the system of automated control, which combines adjacent intersections on an arterial street, fixed-time program control of traffic light signalization is operating. In this condition, there is a possibility to adjust the duration of signals of traffic light groups by correcting the width (permissive signal duration) and angle of inclination (speed of movement) of the timeline in coordination graphs. The scientific novelty of this research is that the method of traffic delay minimization in conditions of coordinated control acquired further development. The essence of the method is in the controlled change of the range of permissive signal duration in conditions of simultaneous control of the speed of movement between adjacent intersections. Practical value is the application of different programs of traffic light control on sections of arterial streets in transport districts where a significant difference of values of traffic intensity by directions is in morning and evening peak periods.
The article is devoted to the methodology and research results of traffic flow parameters on the arterial streets, where different regimes of prioritizing urban public transport operate. The regularities of changes of such parameters make it possible to identify and differentiate the sections of transport network in terms of service efficiency, with the aim to implement various regulatory measures that would help to minimize delays in traffic flow. Quantitative and qualitative criteria for ensuring priority transit of urban public transport on different sections of transport network depending on the intensity, speed and composition of traffic, as well as the roadway parameters are defined and substantiated. According to the research outcomes, scientifically based approaches are recommended for the implementation of different schemes of traffic flows control on the sections of the transport network, which differ in planning parameters and of traffic conditions and provide rational transport service based on the criterion of time loss for movement of residents. These results are adequate for large and very large cities with dense construction area.
On the given stage of motorization level development and increase of traffic flow intensity, with increasing frequency apply to the implementation of intelligent automated systems of traffic control. The quality of their work depends foremost from study of the primary factors of road users, their behavior, including the factor of a person as movement operator, geometric parameters of communication routes, road conditions as movement environment. Such study is held by methods of field research, documentary research and mathematical modelling. Considering transport system, it is necessary to have in mind that we are concerned with the large array of stochastic indicators which, during its normal operation, comply with the normal law of distribution. If the process of traffic flows movement control, including their attachment to the roadway, parameters of which are clearly regulated by standards, is studied relatively in detail, then regularities in pedestrian flows are underexplored only due to the fact that their behavior quite frequently is regulated.However, enough amounts of mathematical methods of description the different stochastic systems have appeared, based on which it is possible to perform the simulation of road users' behavior, in particular pedestrians.In this work it is undertaken experimental research on pedestrians' behavior on signaled pedestrian crossings in Lviv city for different functional zones and in different time of day, and also it is investigated dynamic factors in traffic flow with the aim of determination the rational (by duration) regimes of traffic light control, during which the amount and duration of delays in traffic flows and the possibility of accidents commission is reduced, which are the consequence of road users behavior.The backgrounds of these negative phenomena are: fluctuation of traffic flow intensity, when pedestrian during longtime restrictive signals can start to move on restrictive signal of traffic light, what is unexpected for vehicle driver, especially in nighttime when blinding appears; observation only the demands of normative documents during designing the communication routes what is not always adequate for different functional areas of settlements; absence of distinct regulation of range of traffic light control parameters which would create its optimal regimes considering traffic and pedestrian flows behavior. Introduction and Problem StatementOrganization of traffic and pedestrian flow movement in operative zone of signaled pedestrian crossing, and also provision of their safety is multifaceted task. Complexity of solution of this problem is explained by the influence of many factors, in particular psychophysiological, which complicate appliance of mathematical and mechanical methods of description of principles of traffic and pedestrian flows formation on signaled intersections (crossings) [1].
The problem of capacity increasing of arterial streets with controlled motion is investigated in this paper. For investigation, sections between intersections on the road network of Lviv city were chosen at their different length and roadway width with most saturated traffic. Methods of capacity increasing of arterial streets with controlled motion and factors that have impact on the capacity reduction are analyzed. Capacity of intersections at different volume-capacity ratios is determined. The distribution of average speed for sections between intersections of different length is built. It is established that on sections of medium length between signalized intersections and the high volume-capacity ratio, the speed of traffic flow does not reach maximum values. It is possible to increase the speed and the capacity of sections between intersections by increasing their length, sufficient for flow acceleration to the maximal constant speed and further braking before the intersection. To determinate the recommended speed of movement on arterial directions, road conditions are taken into account, which are formed with simultaneous impact of several factors: volume-capacity ratio of intersection in braking zone, volume-capacity ratio of intersection in acceleration zone, the number of lanes, the length of the section between intersections and the average speed of the traffic flow. It is determined that the average speed of traffic flow on short sections between intersections (the length less than 300 m) is 27 – 33 km/h, on sections of medium length – 35 – 38 km/h/ Such speed will allow to traffic flow reaching the line of constant movement in given road conditions. Conducted research allows taking into account road traffic conditions while justifying the calculating speed of traffic flow, in result of which capacity of arterial streets of controlled motion increases.
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