In the given article special attention is paid to the transformation of the structure of average carbon steels, depending on technological methods of strengthening, the identification of factors influencing the emergence of high-strength structures. With the help of microstructural, X - ray phase studies, microhardness measurements of certain layers, the main technological parameters and modes of reinforcing workings have been identified, new and innovative combined technologies have been proposed. Based on the analysis of a number of existing technological methods of strengthening the surface layer of structural materials, the dynamics of transformation of their microstructures was researched. After laser treatment, due to the ultra-high velocity of cooling of crystallized volumes, due to intensive heat removal through the main volume of samples on the surface, a light zone, which is not digestible, is identified and is identified as "structurally martensitic" - gardenain, which is a kind of classical martensite. Based on the analysis of a number of existing technological methods of strengthening the surface layer of structural materials, the dynamics of transformation of their microstructures was researched.
By means of the proposed technologies, the relationship and strengthening of the optimal modes of recovery of the restoring layer and the optimal laser treatment modes with bat-retaining straps are chosen. The microstructural, X-ray diffraction studies of the restored surfaces of the cams of the distributing shaft of the car were determined, the wear resistance and microhardness of the working surfaces were determined. By means of the proposed technologies of restoration and strengthening, optimum modes of applying the restoring layer and optimal modes of laser treatment (pumping energy of 20 kJ without melting of the surface) with bat-retaining coatings (thickness 2 mm) were chosen. The unevenness of the pulsed laser treatment with the restriction of the diameter of the laser spot and the treatment of a boron-rich surface layer with overlapping of the corresponding zones leads not only to the quenching but also to the release of individual local microparticles. New phases such as boron carbide, carbides - borides, iron borides, and others are formed. The strengthened surface layer has a complex structure and generally contains a martensite base with thin layers of borides, сarbides. The microhardness of the processing zone rises 3-4 times (Нμ 6500-7000 MPa).
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