BASIC METHODS AND TOOLS OF LAND RESOURCES AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINEЗ'ясовано, що вирішення таких стратегічно важливих проблем, як охорона земель, організація раціонального їх використання, досягнення стійкої екологічної та продовольчої безпеки, можливо шляхом як удосконалення методів управління -регулювання земельних відносин та землевпорядного проєктування, так і запровадження нового мето ду -адміністрування землекористування. Вони проявляються в прямому законодавчому або дозвільному впливі на користувачів земельних ділянок з боку державних та самоврядних органів, так і формування ефективної системи економічних важелів, які забезпечують охорону прав суб'єктів земельних відносин на землю, створення умов рівно правного розвитку різних форм господарювання на землі, формування і розвиток земельного ринку. Обгрунтовано, що створення системи методів та інструментів управління в Україні призведе до розв'язання існуючих на сьогодні проблем управління земельними ресурсами та землекористуванням.Evidently, solution of such strategically important problems as land protection, organization of their rational use, achieving sustainable environmental and food security, is possible by improving management methods -regulation of land relations and land management design, and the introduction of a new method -land administration. They are manifested in direct legislative or permitting influence on land users by state and self governing bodies, and the formation of an effective system of economic levers that protect land rights of subjects of land relations, creating conditions for equal development of various forms of land use, formation and development of the land market. It is proposed in the article a method of state and self government regulation of land relations that includes economic, land management and legal, organizational and land management instruments, which are implemented through differentiation of land tax and rent, compensation payments for withdrawal and conservation, payment for environmental damage and fines, legal regime and restrictions on land use, permitted use, administration of the land market process, establishment of land management regulations, distribution and redistribution of land, ecological optimization of land, as well as guarantee of property
Modern agricultural landscapes produce multiple ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes have social, economic, and environmental value—providing a wide array of benefits to society. Absence of scientifically based and practically tested methodologies of identification, mapping, and evaluation of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes hamper integration of its values in the current system of land use planning. The value of ecosystem services is calculated for the case study territory located within the administrative borders of Kolomak Territorial Community in Bohodukhiv district, Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The highest estimated value among non-market ecosystem services is carbon storage service, and among market services—food production. The baseline scenario of land use (business as usual) is compared with two alternative scenarios (Scenario 1. Land reclamation scenario; Scenario 2. Land protection and bioenergy production scenario). Designing of an integrated production system in the forest agro-landscape, which combines multiple ecosystem services, allows us to attain maximum results in terms of value. Amelioration of agricultural landscape through establishing a system of protective forest shelterbelts allows society to increase the total value of ecosystem services, and this is why it should be better integrated into land use planning and land management.
Transformation of land cover is one of the global ecological problems. It causes fall of land resources productivity and loss of biodiversity of the territory. Important tasks of the ecological policy of Ukraine and Latvia include cease of the processes of land degradation and support for rational land use. However, in these countries differentiation of land cover degradation is not sufficiently studied. Particularly, in Ukraine great attention is paid to degradation of the land cover of agricultural land, while in Latvia there are no approved criteria for classification of land degradation processes. Thus, the goal of the research is to improve the methodical approaches to determination of the degradation factor of such types of land cover as water, agricultural land and forests. Differentiation of the factors of degradation of the studied types of land cover is made according to the following criteria, particularly for agricultural land -by linear erosion and growing of scrubs; for forests -by drying and deforestation; for water -by overgrowing and drying. To achieve the set goal the authors of the research used expert, cartographic, abstract and logical methods. Results of the research are of practical importance both for Ukrainian and for Latvian institutions of environmental protection and management of land use. Application of the presented approach will provide information support and determine measures concerning reclamation of land cover by means of planning of sustainable development of territories at local level.
Motives: Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the issue of land legal relations has become of particular concern. The urgent task is to introduce the mechanism protecting the information of the State Land Cadastre from unauthorized interference by third parties, to ensure the rights of the state, physical and legal entities to enter data about objects to the cadastral system and to use this information. Aim: The research aims to identify ways to improve the mechanism of legal regulation of the State Land Cadastre under martial law that will ensure the restructuration and functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy, facilitate recovery of the infrastructure of Ukraine, as well as provide protection of the data from unauthorized interference by third parties, and counteract raider take-over of lands. Results: In the present research, a particular focus is made on the performance of the system of the State Land Cadastre under martial law in Ukraine which can be used as a reference point and a sample for the administrative decisions in other countries which are vulnerable to threats because of the national security.
The paper describes the current conditions, process, and consequences of the land reform in Ukraine, and goes on to determine their impact on the support for sustainable land management. The research reveals the importance of land development as the main instrument for sustainable land management in Ukraine, which should involve implementation of land policy, organization of rational use and protection of land, land improvement, crop-engineering, and anti-erosion measures. In the present paper, we argue for the measures of sustainable management, which are secured by the development of the programs of land organization, and we present technical and economic reasoning for the use and protection of land in administrative-territorial units, land development projects, as well as environmental and economic arguments for crop rotation and land management, implemented within work projects of land organization at regional, provincial and local levels. Structural instability of the establishment of agrarian formations of a new type, which are basically grounded in the fundamentals of land lease, is caused by a permanent delay on the moratorium for the sale of land parcels by the owners of land shares. It forces most of those owners to engage in economic activity without any pre-existing projects of land organization, which would provide ecologically safe organization of the leased land exploitation. Nowadays, the use of the leased land parcels, and growing of agricultural crops on those parcels, is performed mainly according to the market conjuncture and without any management methods, which would be necessary for securing land protection and maintaining soil fertility.
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