Our results on long-term survival and functional outcome confirm the efficacy and relative safety of limited-field and reduced-dose radiotherapy for childhood intracranial germinoma when supplemented with chemotherapy.
Objective. Childhood cancer survivors can develop physical, emotional and psychosocial adversities, a secondary malignancy (SM) being one of the most serious among them. Th e aim of our research was to study whether the development of SM was related to the psychosocial functioning of survivors, especially whether any psychic trauma from the fi rst experience would be aggravated by SM. Patients and methods. Seventy-fi ve childhood cancer survivors with SM were matched with 75 survivors who did not develop SM, by sex, age, living enviroment, diagnosis, year of diagnosis and treatment of the fi rst malignancy. Th ey were compared regarding education, employment, marital status and, in the 35 women, childbirth data. Seventeen childhood survivors with an SM had had psychological evaluations at diagnosis of both their fi rst and secondary cancers; the results of the two were compared. Results. Th ere were no diff erences in the schooling, education, social, marital status or birth specifi cs between survivors with SM and their controls, nor were there marked diff erences in measures of social or psychological status. Conclusions. Th e socioeconomic status of these 75 subjects was not found to be related to the development of SM. Psychological evaluations showed no marked diff erences between those conducted aft er the fi rst and the secondary malignancies.
In the following article we will focus on the group analytic outlook on war. We will not only discuss the immeasurable suffering of soldiers, but also the civilian victims of wartime events. The correspondence between Einstein and Freud gives rise to many questions about the causes of wars. The life of every individual, since birth and through the earliest developmental processes, according to certain concepts, oscillates between the drives of Eros and Thanatos. During this processes, ‘inaudibility’, as Winnicott puts it, can take place, resulting in disorders and disruptions in the individual’s internal as well as external dialogue. We go on to consider how the ‘inaudibility’ and the consequences of war are dealt with in the Sophocles’ drama Antigone. As group analysts, in our contribution we have focused especially on the importance of group analytic treatment as a form of help for people suffering from PTSD, which Foulkes, the father of group analysis, realized as well. In the process of therapy, group members are able to verbalize the wordless world of trauma and face the deeper personality layers of their own past as well as the transgenerational transmission of aggression and other difficult feelings and experiences. The treatment may proceed on the individual basis as well.
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