The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico, and the USA (1994-2018) has led to a reorganization of the productive structure of Mexico's 32 metropolitan areas, affecting what jobs are offered in the country's regions. This includes tertiary activity, which determines most employment in metropolitan areas. Most employment in this sector, however, is more precarious than in the secondary sector. Additionally, women participate in this sector more than men, exacerbating wage inequality. Based on data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE in Spanish), we analyze the income gap in Mexico's metropolitan areas. We find that inequality is exacerbated in less developed areas in which the tertiary sector predominates. Moreover, the decrease in the labor gap is caused by the precariousness of working conditions.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución del empleo manufacturero durante la expansión posterior a la Gran Recesión en las zonas metropolitanas del Valle de México y Toluca, se identifican los subsectores más dinámicos y los municipios ganadores, considerando los que presentan derramas hacia sus vecinos. Con base en la técnica shift-share espacial, se encuentra que durante el periodo 2008-2013 son más los municipios ganadores que requieren de políticas económicas para apuntalar su crecimiento, diversificar su producción e impulsar el empleo. Además, los resultados muestran que los subsectores que benefician a sus vecinos son los de baja tecnología.
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