The rapid growth of genomics techniques has revolutionized and impacted, greatly and positively, the knowledge of toxicology, ushering it into a “new era”: the era of genomic technology (GT). This great advance permits us to analyze the whole genome, to know the gene response to toxicants and environmental stressors, and to determine the specific profiles of gene expression, among many other approaches. The aim of this work was to compile and narrate the recent research on GT during the last 2 years (2020–2022). A literature search was managed using the PubMed and Medscape interfaces on the Medline database. Relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved and their main results and conclusions are mentioned briefly. It is quite important to form a multidisciplinary taskforce on GT with the aim of designing and implementing a comprehensive, collaborative, and a strategic work plan, prioritizing and assessing the most relevant diseases, so as to decrease human morbimortality due to exposure to environmental chemicals and stressors.
Toxoplasmosis is caused by intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). T. gondii infection in pregnancy can result in serious consequences for the developing fetus or newborn, including spontaneous abortion, hydrocephalus, and even death (1). The infection could be acquired by ingestion of food (raw or uncooked meat from infected animals), direct contact with cat feces or soil contaminated with oocysts. In 2012 Caballero-Ortega et al., (2) found an increase in the toxoplasmosis distribution in the north region (35%) finding the highest prevalence in coastal regions (67.5%) of México. There is no data historic available about this seroprevalence, specifically of the “Comarca Lagunera” of Durango State. Moreover, previous study of T. gondii seroprevalence in Durango City showed that 6.1% of pregnant woman of urban areas and 8.2% of rural areas were found positives (3). In 2018, 434 pregnant women who used the Health Services of Durango State in the “Comarca Lagunera Region” were studied with an average age of 22.2 years (± 5.95); we found four (0.92%) IgG and none (0.0%) IgM antibodies anti-T. gondii (Table I). Consumption of dried meat (OR = 16.5; 95% CI 1.7 – 161.48; p= 0.01) and sheep and goat meat (OR = 15.61; 95% CI 1.1 – 224.05; p= 0.043) were associated factors to the infection. Number and different types of pets and cats was not associated with anti-T. gondii antibodies. The “Comarca Lagunera” of Durango being a cattle zone, frequently local meat is consumed in general, representing a possible risk factor. It is particularly interesting since this study’s seroprevalence was 0.91% in a small area of Durango State, differing from the global prevalence in the State. Probably, this results could be due to Durango State having a geographical diversity, Durango capital is located in a valley, unlike the “Comarca Lagunera” region, which is a semi-desert zone with high environmental temperature (Up to 45°C), that could explain the reduced survival of oocysts which implies a subsequent investigation to this work.
Introduction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for the pandemic declared in January 2020, the impact of this virus is its high transmission rate where symptoms appear 2 to 14 days after exposure in Mexico the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been very important. Objective. To evaluate the frequency of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms, and the impact of vaccination in the north of Durango State during the third wave in Mexico. Material and methods. We recruited 917 subjects from Sanitary Jurisdiction #2 (dependent on the Ministry of Health of Durango state) from October 2021 to January 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed by RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs. Symptoms and vaccination were evaluated. Results. The total incidence of positive cases was 41.66% (n=382). The presence of fever, cough, anosmia and dysgeusia is positively associated with infection (p<0.05). On the other hand, previous application of the vaccine and having contact with positive subjects 14 days prior to diagnosis yielded a protective OR with respect to the disease (OR = 0.60 and 0.50, respectively) (p<0.05). Conclusions. We observed a relationship between fever, cough, anosmia and dysgeusia with the disease. On the other hand, we observed a protective factor due to vaccination.
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