The overall incidence of proximal endoleak after EVAS is 3.1% after a mean follow-up period of 16 months, with 1.5% occurring within 30 days. Their occurrence is related to patient selection and stent positioning. Early detection and classification is crucial to avoid the potential of sac rupture.

Endovascular aneurysm sealing is associated with a blunted systematic inflammatory response compared with EVAR. Polyester stent-grafts induce the greatest periprocedural inflammatory response.

Objective/Background: Plaque protrusion through stent struts represents one of the principal causes of cerebral embolisation during carotid artery stenting (CAS) and the stent healing period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety (technical success) and efficacy (clinical success) of the CGuard stent system e a new nitinol stent covered by a closed-cell polyethylene terephthalate mesh designed to prevent embolic events.Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients who underwent CAS with CGuard from June 2015 were included in this study. The same surgeon performed all procedures. Primary endpoints included technical and clinical success. Clinical success was considered to be absence of death, major or minor stroke. The incidence of new ischaemic brain lesions was also evaluated by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in a subgroup of patients as a secondary endpoint.Results: In this study, 82 patients (73.8 6 8.5 years, 75% male, 19% symptomatic) underwent CAS procedures. Immediate technical success was 100%, with the stenosis diameter reduced from 81.4 6 4.9% to 11.0 6 3.5%. There was peri-operative technical and clinical success in 100% of symptomatic patients, and in 98.5% of asymptomatic patients, because of the occurrence of one acute stent thrombosis 4 hours post-CAS followed by a minor stroke. In the post-operative period (30 days), no new events were registered. The most recent 21 patients (24%) underwent DW-MRI in the peri-operative period: new ischaemic brain lesions were recorded in 23.8% of patients and the average lesion volume per patients was 0.039 6 0.025 cm 3 .Conclusions: The technical and clinical outcomes of this single centre study suggest that the CGuard may be a safe and effective device for endovascular treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, independent of aortic arch anatomy. Further larger comparative studies are needed to confirm these benefits.