BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.
Even recent academic studies consider the Italian Alps (with the exception of South Tyrol) still a huge outmigration and depopulation area. The present contribution, however, shows the new and remarkable phenomenon of in-migration. The study highlights the west-east difference in regard to the significance of the newcomers for the current structural change in peripheral Alpine regions: ensuing from the demographic turnaround in the French Alps starting in the mid-1980s, the process of amenity migration spread across the Italian Alps. The present study seeks to analyze its outcomes through a comparison of the Alpine border areas between Italy and Slovenia. The eastern part of the Friulian mountain region, particularly the border areas toward Slovenia, suffered the heaviest population losses in the Alps between WWII and 1990. It is therefore not surprising that here traditional spatial structures still continue to exist and in contrast to other demographic problem areas in the Italian Alps, e.g. the Cottian Alps, the population development has remained largely negative, though in the meantime the phenomenon of amenity migration has reached these Friulian communities. The west-east proliferation of amenity migration has also extended onto the Slovenian side, but its effects are less apparent due to the weaker depopulation processes during the period of the Yugoslavian regime. Regardless, the overall demographic reversal proclaims itself unmistakably and the resettlement of the once completely abandoned villages is a significant indicator for this tendency. Zusammenfassung: Selbst in neueren Studien werden die italienischen Alpen (abgesehen von Südtirol) noch immer als riesiges Abwanderungs-und Entvölkerungsgebiet dargestellt. Vorliegender Beitrag soll jedoch auf den neuen und überraschenden Prozess der Zuwanderung aufmerksam machen und anhand der Amenity Migration den von den französischen Alpen ausgehenden neuen demographischen Trend in den italienischen Alpen aufzeigen. Diese Entwicklung wird schließlich im friulanisch-slowenischen Grenzgebiet näher verdeutlicht. Der östliche Teil der Friulanischen Alpen, vor allem der Grenzraum zu Slowenien, hatte zwischen dem Zweiten Weltkrieg und 1990 die stärksten Bevölkerungseinbußen der Alpen hinzunehmen, was sogar zur Entstehung von Ghost towns führte. Obwohl die Amenity Migration inzwischen auch dieses ostfriulanische Gebiet erreicht hat, ist es daher nicht verwunderlich, dass hier im Gegensatz zu anderen demographischen Problemregionen (z.B. die Cottischen Alpen) traditionelle Raumstrukturen stärker nachwirken und die Bevölkerungsentwicklung weiterhin noch rückläufig bleibt. Der West-Ost gerichtete Ausbreitungsvorgang der Amenity Migration hat ebenso die Gebiete jenseits der italienischen Grenze erfasst, doch treten dort die Auswirkungen im Vergleich zu Friaul nicht so offensichtlich zutage, zumal die Entvölkerungsprozesse während der jugoslawischen Periode geringer waren. Die gegenwärtige Wiederbesiedelung der Ghost towns-zu beiden Seiten der Grenze-ist jedoch ein deutli...
More than any other area in Western Europe, the Alps, especially the Italian Alps, are home to great ethno-cultural diversity: there, no less than seven autochthonous linguistic minorities coexist side by side with the respective official majority. Now being considered an important cultural heritage by the state as well as by the regions, new legislation offers protection to all ‘linguistic-historic minorities’ in Italy. Our study shows, however, that it is quite difficult to maintain such groups, since it is largely unknown where exactly the minority areas are situated. Based on that, local actor groups in various communities take advantage of this lack of knowledge and declare themselves minority territories although they show no linguistic varieties. An important objective of this project is therefore to present a cartographic representation of this linguistic diversity. Subsequently, the contribution discusses case studies of distinct ethno-linguistic self-awareness. Even though with Law No. 482 a first important step was taken to preserve the linguistic minorities, their progressive decline by territorial and numerical criteria cannot be denied. Today, besides unfavorable bio-demographic factors and “diffuse ethnicity,” other causes are current demographic processes. In this framework the amenity migrants, those new immigrants who have discovered the mountains as a new, desirable settlement space, play a decisive role by reinforcing the assimilation process.
Les Alpes, plus précisément les Alpes italiennes, plus que toute autre région d'Europe Occidentale, sont un lieu de grande diversité ethnoculturelle : pas moins de sept minorités linguistiques autochtones y coexistent, côte à côte avec la majorité officielle correspondante. Maintenant considérées comme un héritage culturel important par les états ainsi que par les régions, une nouvelle législation offre une protection à toutes les « minorités linguistiques historiques » en Italie. Notre étude montre, cependant, qu'il est très difficile de maintenir de tels groupes, car on ne sait pas vraiment où se situent exactement les zones de ces minorités. Partant de là, des groupes d'acteurs locaux, dans de nombreuses communautés, tirent partie de ce manque de connaissance et se déclarent territoires de minorité bien qu'ils ne présentent aucune variante linguistique. Un des objectifs importants de ce projet est, donc, d'établir une représentation cartographique de cette diversité linguistique. Ce document, par conséquent, traite d'études de cas de conscience ethnolinguistique distincte. Même si la Loi n° 482 a été un premier pas important pour la préservation des minorités linguistiques, leur déclin progressif, selon les critères territoriaux et numériques, ne peut pas être nié. Aujourd'hui, outre des facteurs biodémographiques défavorables et une « ethnicité diffuse », les processus démographiques en cours constituent d'autres causes. Dans ce cadre, les migrants d'agrément, ces nouveaux immigrants qui ont découvert les montagnes comme un nouvel espace d'install...
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