In this paper we present CASM, a language based on Abstract State Machines (ASM), and its optimizing compiler. ASM is a welldefined (formal) method based on algebraic concepts. A distinct feature of ASM is its combination of parallel and sequential execution semantics. This makes it an excellent choice to formally specify and verify micro-architectures. We present a compilation scheme and an implementation of a runtime system supporting efficient execution of ASM. After introducing novel analysis techniques we present optimizations allowing us to eliminate many costly operations.Benchmark results show that our baseline compiler is 2-3 magnitudes faster than other ASM implementations. The optimizations further increase the performance of the compiled programs up to 264%. The achieved performance allows our ASM implementation to be used with industry-size applications.
We present the CASM language, an abstract state machine (ASM) based modeling language originally designed for verifying compiler backends. We demonstrate the expressiveness by describing an instruction set simulator (ISS) for MIPS in approximately 700 lines of code. Further we present a refinement of the models to cycle-accurately describe two implementations of the classic 5-stage MIPS pipeline. Utilizing symbolic execution allows us to prove semantic equivalence of the pipeline implementations and the instruction set description. Finally we compile the models to C++ and provide a small runtime to create a system simulator achieving a performance of approx. 1 MHz in MiBench and SPECInt2000 benchmarks.
For safety critical embedded systems the correctness of the processor, toolchain and compiler is an important issue. Translation validation is one approach for compiler verification. A common semantic framework to represent source and target language is needed and Abstract State Machines (ASMs) are a well suited and established method. In this paper we present a method to show correctness of instruction selection by performing fully automated simulation proofs over symbolic execution traces of state transformations using an automated first-order theorem prover. We applied this approach to an industrial-strength compiler and created the ASM models in such a way that we are able to reuse them to create a cycle-accurate simulator. To achieve fast simulation we compile the ASM models to C++ and present the compilation scheme in this paper. Finally we present our preliminary results which indicate that a unified ASM model is sufficient for proving correct instruction selection and generating efficient cycle-accurate simulators.
In this paper we present CASM, a language based on Abstract State Machines (ASM), and its optimizing compiler. ASM is a well-defined (formal) method based on algebraic concepts. A distinct feature of ASM is its combination of parallel and sequential execution semantics. This makes it an excellent choice to formally specify and verify micro-architectures. We present a compilation scheme and an implementation of a runtime system supporting efficient execution of ASM. After introducing novel analysis techniques we present optimizations allowing us to eliminate many costly operations. Benchmark results show that our baseline compiler is 2-3 magnitudes faster than other ASM implementations. The optimizations further increase the performance of the compiled programs up to 264%. The achieved performance allows our ASM implementation to be used with industry-size applications.
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