Field experiment was conducted in absence and presence of potash and gypsum fertilizers, to compare and investigate the quantity levels of heavy metals and nutrients in leafy vegetables with growth stage and plant species variations, respectively. Seeds of Spinacia oleracia (Spinach), Colocasia esculenta (Taro), Ipoma aquatica (Water spinach), Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin leaves), Basella alba (Indian spinach), Amaranthus gangeticus (Red amaranth), Coccinia grandis (Ivy gourd), Corchorus olitorius (Jute leaves), Basella rubra (Malabar Spinach), Coriandum sativum (Coriander leaves), Amaranthus lividus (Amaranth) were sown in the experimental filed in Joypurhat district of Bangladesh. The quantity of heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)] and nutrients [sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca)] in vegetables were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and flame photometer, after the microwave digestion of these vegetables with 70% concentrated HNO3. The quantities of heavy metals were increased with the age of the plant, but the increases were not linear. Moreover, the order of heavy metals level in different vegetables was Zn >Ni >Cd >Pb. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were as 0.143, 0.085, 0.1029 and 0.806, respectively. The sequence of HQ for the heavy metals followed the decreasing order Pb >Zn >Cd >Ni. The HQ value for all the heavy metals, Zn, Cd Ni and Pb were less than 1, which is considered safe or indicates no adverse effect on human health. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 56-67, 2019
Nickel nanoparticies (NNPs) were synthesized by reduction of nickel (II) using poiy(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a capping agent. The NNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The addition of PVA has been found to profoundly influence the size, agglomeration and distribution of NNPs. The average diameters of NNPs are in the range of 3-7 nm in presence of PVA. XRD data indicate that NNPs are crystalline with face centered cubic structures. SEM images show the existence of secondary structures such as clusters and loops resulted from interactions between particles. The sizes of the NNPs were by and large uniform due to the use of PVA as the capping agent. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the interaction of PVA w ith NNPs to offer improved thermal stability Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 197-205, December 2014
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