Demografske promjene na hrvatskim otocima na početku 21. stoljeća
The paper describes the basic demographic processes on the Kvarner islands in the last twenty years. The census data from this period show a constant population growth on the Kvarner islands and promote them into one of the most vital sub-regions of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. The results of the analysis show that the mechanical component of the total population change, i.e. immigration, which managed to overcome the negative natural demographic trend, was the cause of this positive demographic trend. As a result, natural population change on the Kvarner islands 1991-2011 belongs to the "regeneration by immigration" type. However, since increased immigration did not influence the reduction of the negative natural demographic trend, it is safe to presume that "fictive" residents dominate the immigration contingent. This hypothesis is supported by the comparison of the census change index 2011/2001 and the type of demographic resources index in 2001.
Prethodno priopćenje Preliminary communicationSintetični pokazatelj demografskih resursa: doprinos tipologiji hrvatskog prostora Ivo Nejašmić, Roko MišetićSvrha ovoga rada jest izrada sintetičnog pokazatelja pomoću kojeg bi se olakšalo identificiranje, vrednovanje i usporedba demografskih resursa. Sekundarni je cilj da se prema vrijednosti sintetičnog pokazatelja oblikuje tipologija prostornih jedinica u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sintetični pokazatelj nazvan je indeks demografskih resursa (i der ). Čine ga dvije osnovne sastavnice: demografski indeks (i dem ) i indeks obrazovanosti (i o ). Demografska masa uključena je u izračun, i to kao korektiv u obliku koeficijenta (k). Prvu sastavnicu indeksa čini jedanaest varijabli. Sadržava opći smjer demografskih promjena u prošlom razdoblju, najvažnije indikatore demografskog potencijala te sintetični pokazatelj prirodnoga kretanja i dobnog sastava stanovništva. Drugu sastavnicu indeksa čine četiri varijable. Sadržava obilježja dosegnutog stupnja obrazovanosti stanovništva te naznake budućih proporcija najobrazovanijega kontingenta. Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti sintetičnog pokazatelja oblikovana je tipologija hrvatskih prostornih jedinica sa šest tipova demografskih resursa te su određena njihova temeljna obilježja. Sintetični pokazatelj demografskih resursa pokazao se relevantnim i primjenjivim na svim razinama hrvatskih prostornih jedinica.Ključne riječi: demografski resursi, tipologija prostora (geografija), prostorni razmještaj stanovništva, demogeografija, Hrvatska A Synthetic Indicator of Demographic Resources: Contribution to the Typology of Croatian State TerritoryThe purpose of this paper is to work out a synthetic indicator, which would help in identification, evaluation and comparison of demographic resources. The secondary aim is to form a spatial unit typology in the Republic of Croatia according to the synthetic indicator's value. The synthetic indicator has been named demographic resources index (i der ). It consists of two basic components: demographic index (i dem ) and education index (i o ).Population size is included in the calculation, specifically as a corrective in the form of a coefficient (k). The first index-component consists of eleven variables. It includes a general direction of demographic changes in the past period, the most important indicators of demographic potential and the synthetic indicator of the population natural change and age structure. The second index-component consists of four variables. It includes the characteristics of the population's attained level of education, as well as indications of the most educated contingent's future proportions.Based on the obtained values of the synthetic indicator, a typology of Croatian territorial units has been formed with six types of demographic resources, and their basic characteristics have been determined. The synthetic indicator of demographic resources has turned out to be relevant and applicable on all levels of Croatian territorial units.
The paper discusses population dynamics of Vis Island along with geographic, demographic and social features related to this process. Data from demographic statistics and research results show that Vis Island has been affected by strong populational regression. This process originated at the beginning of the 20th century, and intensified after the Second World War. Depopulation was generated by retardation in socio-economic development, but it was directly caused by centennial emigration. At the beginning of 1960s, natural decrease occurred as another important cause of depopulation. It was the result of postponed effect of emigration, demographic losses in world wars and birth rate transition (changes in number of children per family). Long-term unfavorable demographic processes (emigration, depopulation, demographic aging, reduced birth rates) have led to weakening of (bio)reproduction and vital potential. The above-mentioned fact has also influencedthe age structure of the population. Population of Vis Island has aged and belongs to a particular demographic type named very old population. However, depopulation, that used to be the result of social phenomena, has become an important factor of social and spatial processes.
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