On the basis of a steady-state specific-activity model, dose-rate factors are derived for various organs of Reference Man (ICRP Publication 23) corresponding to the ingestion of I4C in dietary carbon and the inhalation of I4C-labeled carbon dioxide. In a uniformly contaminated exposure medium, ingestion accounts for more than 99% of the C dose to individuals. The specific-activity factors are compared with dynamic models of carbon metabolism such as those of ICRP Publications 2 and 10, which appear to underestimate the mean residence times of carbon in some tissues. Renormalization of meteorological data used in local atmospheric dispersion models that are applied to I4CO, transport may be required in order to restrict sampling to times when photosynthesis can occur; a sample calculation based on weather-station data from Knoxville, Tennessee, shows a factor-of-three increase in the estimated dose to a maximally exposed individual near an elevated release source (100-m stack) when renormalization is done. Methods for calculating the dose to a population near the source of release (or fed from local agricultural production) are derived. The 14C dose to the world population, including the infinite-time dose commitment, is considered, and a comparison of estimates by several investigators, including the present authors, is presented.
Indigenous to Route 17 2.5 Variations in Organ Mass as a Function of Age 2.6 Variations in Effective Absorbed Energy as a Function of Age 89 1*1-2.7 Variations in the Fraction of Ingested ^Sr and 'L Reaching the Reference Organs as a Function of Age Jk 4.1 Partition of Potential External Gamm:; Dose Between 0-3 Years and 3-70 Years after First Detonation 4.2 Summation of Dose Estimates for Modec of Exposure Considered, Watershed 5> Route 17. Exposure starting 2.652 years after first detonation (30 days after last detonation) 4.3 Summation of Dose Estimates for Modes of Exposure Considered, Watershed 5> Route 17. Exposure starting 5 years after first detonation 4.4 Summation of Dose Estimates for Modes of Exposure Considered, Watershed 5> Route 17. Exposure starting 30 years after first detonation 67 viii IZST OF TABI£S, continued Page k.5 Summation of Dose Estimates for Modes of Exposure Considered, Watershed 2, Route 25. Exposure starting 1.570 years after first detonation (30 days after last detonation) 70 k.6 Summation of Dose Estimates for Modes of Exposure Considered, Watershed 2, Route 25. Exposure starting 5 years after first detonation 71 k.J Summation of Dose Estimates for Modes of Exposure Considered, Watershed 2, Route 25. Exposure starting 30 years after first detonation 5.1 Assessments of Estimated Average Annual Doses to Critical Population Groups for Various Assumed Times of Reentry to Watershed 5, Route 17 85 5.2 Assessments of Estimated Genetically Significant Doses to Critical Population Groups for Various Assumed Times of Reentry to Watershed 5, Route 17 87 5.3 Assessments of Estimated Average Annual Doses to Critical Population Groups for Various Assumed Times of Reentry to Watershed 2, Route 25 5.*f Assessments of Estimated Genetically Significant Doses to Critical Population Groups for Various Assumed Times of Reentry to Watershed 2, Route 25 ix LIST OF FIGUR3S Page 1 Map of Panama Illustrating the Route 17 Alignment, Watersheds (numbered through 7), and Locations of Towns and Villages for Estimates of External Dose 15 2 Map of Colombia Illustrating the Route 25 Alignment and Watersheds (numbered 1 through 5) ^ Evaluation of Potential Daily External Beta Dose to Human Skin 6l Total Estimated Dose to the Total Bcdy for Reentry Times up to 50 Years after the First Detonation, Watershed 5, Route 17 68 Total Estimated Dose to the Total Body for Reentry Times iip to 50 Years after the First Detonation, Watershed 2, Route 25 , 7k k Graph of Conservatism Factors for Correcting External Dose Estimates that Utilize Radioactive Decay as the Only Process to Reduce the Radiation Field 7^ jai^«i3»^v^«»S*^v»a»*g=S5^
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