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The exploitation of aerial base stations (A-BSs) in conjunction with terrestrial base stations (T-BSs) is envisioned as a promising solution to provide connectivity to devices and user-equipment (UE) in crowded situations (viz. in the sports event) and emergency situations (viz. in the disaster management). However, the use of A-BSs with existing terrestrial networks intensifies the inter-cell interference (ICI) to the devices and UEs, therefore leading to a degraded signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR). This paper addresses this issue by exploiting different radio access technology (RAT) (mmWave/microwave) for aerial and terrestrial networks. Indeed, the network connectivity is always a top priority for all applications. However, there are also some applications such as remote patient monitoring, and remote working, which requires both coverage and high data-rates. But, most of the existing research claims the trade-off between the coverage and the data-rate performance. Whereas this paper aims to improve coverage and rate simultaneously in an aerial-terrestrial networks by employing an optimal combination of mmWave and microwave RAT based on the proposed association strategy. The essential analysis of such an integrated network involves the evaluation of parameters based on the analytic model. Hence, this paper analytically obtains the coverage probability (CP) and average rate expressions for the proposed integrated aerial-terrestrial networks. The analysis is supported by probabilistic models-based simulations that agree closely with analytical results. The results claim that the proposed model leads to improved performance in terms of both CP and average rate. Also, the paper provides parametric analysis for CP and rate with A-BSs height and A-BSs density to enable its practical implementation in 5G/6G technologies.INDEX TERMS Aerial-terrestrial networks, millimeter-wave RAT, microwave RAT, coverage probability, average rate, stochastic geometry.

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With advent of technology MANET is becoming more and more ubiquitous, and so is the vulnerability of such networks to attacks. In this paper, we propose a secure, lightweight, on-demand routing protocol for MANETs. It uses the concept of fidelity to allocate trust to a neighbor, thereby taking the decision whether to send data via that neighbor or not. To combat attacks efficiently new packets like report and recommendation are used. After receiving a few of these packets a node can conclude about the behavior of a node, thereby identifying and blacklisting the malicious nodes. We try to impose bounds for the fidelity with reference to the battery of the node, which restricts a node to increase its fidelity to infinity and become dominant in the network. This protocol not only finds a secure route to transmit data, but also identifies the malicious nodes in the network. Our protocol exhibits high packet delivery fraction, with low normalized routing load and low end to end delay; which has been observed while simulating in GloMoSim platform. We have observed that our protocol performs not only better than other existing secure routing protocol in a malicious environment, but also combats, many attacks which have not been dealt with these protocols.