We study the emission of photons from germinating seeds using an experimental technique designed to detect light of extremely small intensity. We analyze the dark count signal without germinating seeds as well as the photon emission during the germination process. The technique of analysis adopted here, called diffusion entropy analysis (DEA) and originally designed to measure the temporal complexity of astrophysical, sociological and physiological processes, rests on Kolmogorov complexity. The updated version of DEA used in this paper is designed to determine if the signal complexity is generated either by non-ergodic crucial events with a non-stationary correlation function or by the infinite memory of a stationary but non-integrable correlation function or by a mixture of both processes. We find that dark count yields the ordinary scaling, thereby showing that no complexity of either kinds may occur without any seeds in the chamber. In the presence of seeds in the chamber anomalous scaling emerges, reminiscent of that found in neuro-physiological processes. However, this is a mixture of both processes and with the progress of germination the non-ergodic component tends to vanish and complexity becomes dominated by the stationary infinite memory. We illustrate some conjectures ranging from stress induced annihilation of crucial events to the emergence of quantum coherence.
In this paper we emphasize that 1/f noise has two different origins, one compatible with Laplace determinism and one determined by unpredictable crucial events. The dynamics of heartbeats, manifest as heart rate variability (HRV) time series, are determined by the joint action of these different memory sources with meditation turning the Laplace memory into a strongly coherent process while exerting an action on the crucial events favoring the transition from the condition of ideal 1/f noise to the Gaussian basin of attraction. This theoretical development affords a method of statistical analysis that establishes a quantitative approach to the evaluation of the stress reduction realized by the practice of Chi meditation and Kundalini Yoga.
We study the joint action of the non-Poisson renewal events (NPR) yielding Continuous-time random walk (CTRW) with index α < 1 and two different generators of Hurst coefficient H = 0.5, one generating fractional Brownian motion (FBM) and another scaled Brownian motion (SBM). We discuss the ergodicity breaking emerging from these joint actions and we find that in both cases the adoption of time averages leads to localization. In the case of the joint action of NPR and SBM, localization occurs when SBM would produce subdiffusion. The joint action of NPR and FBM, on the contrary, may lead to localization when FBM is a source of superdiffusion. The joint action of NPR and FBM is equivalent to extending the CTRW to the case where the jumps of the runner are correlated and we argue that the the memory-induced localization requires a refinement of the theoretical perspective about determinism and randomness.
We review the literature to argue the importance of the occurrence of crucial events in the dynamics of physiological processes. Crucial events are interpreted as short time intervals of turbulence, and the time distance between two consecutive crucial events is a waiting time distribution density with an inverse power law (IPL) index μ, with μ < 3 generating non-stationary behavior. The non-stationary condition is characterized by two regimes of the IPL index: (a) perennial non-stationarity, with 1 < μ < 2 and (b) slow evolution toward the stationary regime, with 2 < μ < 3. Human heartbeats and brain dynamics belong to the latter regime, with healthy physiological processes tending to be closer to the border with the perennial non-stationary regime with μ = 2. The complexity of cognitive tasks is associated with the mental effort required to address a difficult task, which leads to an increase of μ with increasing task difficulty. On this basis we explore the conjecture that disease evolution leads the IPL index μ moving from the healthy condition μ = 2 toward the border with Gaussian statistics with μ = 3, as the disease progresses. Examining heart rate time series of patients affected by diabetes-induced autonomic neuropathy of varying severity, we find that the progression of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) indeed shifts μ from the border with perennial variability, μ = 2, to the border with Gaussian statistics, μ = 3 and provides a novel, sensitive index for assessing disease progression. We find that at the Gaussian border, the dynamical complexity of crucial events is replaced by Gaussian fluctuation with long-time memory.
We present a biological fractional n-species delayed cooperation model of Lotka-Volterra type. The considered fractional derivatives are in the Caputo sense. Impulsive control strategies are applied for several stability properties of the states, namely Mittag-Leffler stability, practical stability and stability with respect to sets. The proposed results extend the existing stability results for integer-order n−species delayed Lotka-Volterra cooperation models to the fractional-order case under impulsive control.
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