No abstract
Tuberculosis of the submandibular salivary gland is a rare condition and only a few cases have been reported in literature. Tubercular sialadenitis is most frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients. Diagnosis of this disease is difficult. Although fine needle aspiration cytology is useful in diagnosis, excisional biopsy is often required. Polymerase chain reaction for mycobacterium tuberculosis is a reliable diagnostic tool, and if available, it should be performed before surgical intervention to enable differential diagnosis of a salivary gland tumor. We report two cases of the submandibular salivary gland tuberculosis from South India (Mangalore located in the coastal belt of Karnataka) that proved diagnostically challenging. Both patients responded well to antitubercular therapy and surgery was avoided.
The rates of BCS in the Indian subcontinent vary between 11% and 34%, as compared to the management of breast cancer in the west where the rates of BCS are as high as 70% in early breast cancer. All this has brought to light the need for evaluation of the best and the most functional and cosmetic surgeries that are available in the management of breast cancer especially when detected in the ver early stages. With all this in mind we decided to study the demographic evaluation and outcome of the early breast cancer patients undergoing breast conservation surgery as the primary modality of management at a medical teaching hospital.The study was done at the department of general surgery, oncosurgery, radiation oncology and medical oncology at Father Muller Medical College Hospital. All breast cancer patients underwent the following treatment regimen:- Surgery that included BCS with Axillary Dissection followed by neo adjuvant chemotherapy CFU regimen and then after completion of systemic chemotherapy 50-55 Gy of radiotherapy to the remaining breast with a tumor bed boost of 9-12 Gy in daily 2 Gy fractions for 5 days in a week over 5-6 weeks was given.In the present study new-found that the most common site in the breast for breast cancer was the superior - lateral quadrant of the 70 cases 56 cases 80% were in the superior - lateral quadrant. Common in this area. The most common histology seen in 67 cases 95.71% was infiltrating duct carcinoma. The median age was 45 years. 65 cases 92.86% had node-negative disease and 54 cases 77.14% tumors were hormone receptor-positive. One case developed isolated local recurrences which were managed surgically. None of the rest 69 cases of them had recurrence during follow up. The mean age was 44.75 with SD 8.8 years. The youngest was 28 years and the eldest was 63 years of age. In the 295 cases, we had 3 male cases, among those who had BCS all were females. We would like to conclude that whenever it is possible to conserve the breast every woman has to be given the option of breast conservation. It is also needed that the health care professionals and the primary health care physicians be sensitized to the need for effective clinical breast examination so that the rate of detection of early cancer be hastened and more women are offered the option of breast conservation.
Background Increasing number of young breast cancer patients are seen in India and many of these young breast cancer patients are considered to have more aggressive disease biology. Aim The aim of this article was to study the clinicopathological profile of breast cancer patients in the young and older patients to understand the difference between these two groups. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted on 421 breast cancer patients. Results Total of 421 breast cancer patients were studied, out of which 158 patients were less than or equal to 40 years age group and 263 patients were in more than or equal to 50 years age group. Commonest T stage on presentation was T2, which was seen 56.32% of young breast cancer patients and in 64.64% of older patients. Higher nodal spread was seen in younger patients when compared with older patients (p-value = 0.00001). Older group patients had significant decline from anatomical to pathological prognostic stage group compared with younger group (29 vs. 13.29%; p-value = 0.00001). Grade 3 tumors were seen in 58.23% of younger patients and 22.05% of older patients (p-value = 0.00001). Triple-negative breast cancer was seen more commonly in younger group compared with older group (p-value = 0.0088). Conclusions Significant number of breast cancer patients present in younger age group in India. Younger breast cancer patients tend to have higher grade tumors and triple-negative breast cancer is common in younger age groups. Pathological prognostic stage grouping appears clinically more relevant than anatomical stage groups.
In the modern world one of the most dreaded disease is cancer. Among all the cancers that occur, cancer within the oral cavity ranks as the eleventh most common cancer globally In view of the changing trends in oral cancer we did a study to evaluate the practices followed for oral cancer in our study. Materials and Methods : The present study was a non-randomized prospective observational study that was done on patients who visited hospital and were diagnosed by histopathology as having oral cancer. The study was done at the department of general surgery and surgical oncology at the Father Muller Medical College. Kankanady in the state of Karnataka South India. The study was done. During the study period that extended from March 2014 to February 2020 the following observations were done on a total of 202 cases. Those who met a predefined criteria and gave a written informed consent were enrolled in the study. They were explained regarding their disease, the treatment options that are available and the alternative treatments if any. Once the patients was optimized, based on the decision of the tumour board appropriate therapy was given and the complications of each was noted down. Results : During the study period that extended from March 2014 to February 2020 the following observations were done on a total of 202 cases .In the present study between the age of 20 and 60 years we had 148 cases (73.26%), the most common decade involved was 41-50 years with 68 cases (33.66%). In the productive age group between the age of 21 years and 50 years we had 146 cases. The predominant population affected by oral cancer was male's 164 cases (81.19%) On evaluation of the clinical presentation distribution in the study subjects all cases presented with ulcer .Lesions of the tongue were seen in 99.01% cases. In most cases wide excision and reconstruction was possible (54 cases) near glossectomy with MRND was done in 1patient hemi glossectomy with MRND was done in 16 patient partial glossectomy with MRND was done in 17 patient. All case were proved as Squamous cell carcinoma. The minimum follow up was for 13 months and at the last follow-up all cases were found to be tumour free . Conclusions: The mainstay of current. Exciting challenges include improving success rates of current therapy, reducing the morbidity of treatment, and to select the most appropriate treatment.
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