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Introduction: The impact of aerobic training on liver function by modulating hepatic enzymes and lipid profiles in overweight women is uncertain. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of 12-week aerobic exercise training on hepatic and lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory indices in overweight women aged over 50 years.Methods: Thirty sedentary and overweight postmenopausal women (PMW) over 50 years old were randomly divided into 2 groups: exercise (Ex, n=15) and control (C, n=15) groups. The Ex group performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (60 min/d, 3 days/week at 65%-70% of maximal heart rate reserve [HRmax]) for 12 weeks. The C group participated in no intervention during a 3-month period and maintained their normal daily lifestyle. The serum levels of hepatic and lipid profiles were assessed at baseline and after week 12. Descriptive and inferential (ANCOVA test) statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 23.0 at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, the serum levels of hepatic and lipid profiles were not significantly different in the Ex group compared to the C group (P > 0.05). However, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), walking-jogging time to exhaustion (WJTE), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in the Ex group (P < 0.05). In contrast, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased in the Ex group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (jogging and walking) at 65%-70% of HRmax did not affect the liver function without modulating hepatic enzymes and lipid profiles in overweight women over 50 years old, whereas cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by modulating VO2max, WJTE, and SBP was improved.

Introduction: electrocardiogram (ECG) indices as a valuable tool for the diagnosis depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium are affected by aerobic exercise and detraining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and 5 months detraining on electrocardiogram (ECG) indices in post-menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years were randomly assigned to Exercise (E, n=12) and Control (C, n=12) groups. E group performed of 12 weeks moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program (W-WJMIAEP-R), and then 5 months detraining remained, but the C group participated in no intervention during 8-month. The ECG indices were measured at baseline, after 12-week exercise, and after 5-month detraining. Results: After 12-week in between-groups, ECG indices were not significantly different (P>0.05), except P-R interval (P≤0.05). After 5-month detraining in between-groups were not a significant difference for dependent variables (P>0.05), except P-R segment and S-T interval (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The Results suggest that 12 weeks of W-WJMIAEP-R increases P-R interval in sedentary post-menopausal women that is likely to be effective in preventing heart arrhythmias. The P-R segment and S-T interval decreased significantly after 5 months detraining period that 12 weeks W-WJMIAEP-R induced-ECG positive adaptations such as decrease P-R segment and S-T interval are maintained even after 5-month detraining and consequently prevents the increase in atrial aging process in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Klotho allele status is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension. Objectives: To determine if serum klotho level was lower among diabetic and hypertensive patients compared to control group. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 90 participants. Thirty pure diabetic patients and 30 participants with pure hypertension were compared with the healthy control group. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between serum klotho and diabetes and hypertension. We also tested the cut off point of serum klotho to predict hypertension and diabetes by using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Results: The level of serum klotho was significantly lower in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Participants with higher klotho were less likely to have diabetes and hypertension [OR: 0.48, 95% CI (0.22-0.81)] even after adjustment for covariates. ROC curve for diabetes and hypertension indicated 0.8 area under the curve which was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study found that serum klotho was associated with lower odds of diabetes and hypertension. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm this finding.