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Participants in this study (N = 178) were poorly informed about risk factors, warning signs, and self-examination (SE) practices for two common cancers in young adults, testicular cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Compared to women, men were less likely to know about, see the importance of, or practice SE. We found no relationship between internal locus of control, hypochondriasis, and loneliness, on the one hand, and cancer knowledge and SE, on the other. The best predictors of cancer awareness and SE were fear of developing cancer and self-rated confidence that SE was being done correctly. The results are consistent with a health belief model and self-efficacy theory of health behavior.

An ABAB design was used to assess the effects of a tactile prompting device (i.e., a vibrating pager) as a prompt for the social initiations of 3 children with autism during free-play activities with typically developing peers. Results indicated that the tactile prompt was effective in increasing verbal initiations for all 3 children, and responses to peers' initiations were higher for 2 participants when the tactile prompt was used. Efforts to reduce the frequency of prompts while still maintaining rates of initiations were partially successful for 1 participant.

SUMMARY The results and procedures of investigators who have used parents as primary or auxiliary change agents for their children arc reviewed. Deviant child behaviors that have been successfully modified by parents are first described. Following this, methods of parent training are discussed. The third and final section of the paper deals with some critical methodological issues–data collection, reliability of measurement, demonstrations of behavioral control, follow‐up, and cost‐effectiveness factors–that require routine and more careful consideration before the efficacy of parent therapists can be adequately assessed. Several recommendations are provided by which to achieve more definitive analyses of this approach to child treatment. Suggestions for subsequent research are also briefly discussed.

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This study compared the acceptability of three child behavior therapy techniques (DRI, positive practice, and timeout). A fourth treatment (humanistic parenting) also was included for control purposes. Ratings were obtained from 96 introductory college students before and after they received systematic instruction in the use of the behavioral procedures. Preliminary results showed a clear preference for DRI, followed by humanistic parenting, and positive practice. Timeout received the least favorable evaluation. During the postinstruction phase, each of the three behavioral approaches was judged more favorably than before and, furthermore, there no longer were any consistent differences between them. Ratings on humanistic parenting declined as the behavioral treatments were judged more acceptable. The results extend Kazdin's earlier findings and indicate that acceptability ratings for alternative treatments are by .o means immutable. Behavioral treatments can be made more acceptable by appropriate educational means.

Examined whether video scene re.creations affect juror decisions by assessing factual retention, emotional state, liability assessments, and damage awards. 102 mock jurors reviewed case materials from a wrongful death suit in I of 3 formats: print (transcripts), videotaped testimony, or videotaped testimony plus video re-creation. Pre-to posttest differences in emotionality were assessed with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Retention levels were measured by multiple choice questionnaire. Jurors in the videotaped testimony conditions experiencedgreater emotional reactions than those who read transcripts. Mood changes were inversely related to liability assessments on the plaintiff but no differences in damage awards were noted. This suggests that perceptions of levels of defendant liability are influenced by emotions, but damage awards appear to be based more on factual evidence. Video scene re-creations may thus be more effective in inducing out-of-court settlements than in actually swaying jurors' decisions.Although it is becoming increasingly common for video technology of various forms to be used in the courtroom, little research exists on how the use of video materials influences juror decision-making. One form of video technology that is gaining in popularity is the video re-c'reation. This involves having actors reenact events relevant to the case (e.g., an accident in a liability case). In many cases, the use of video re-creations is an attempt to manipulate the emotional state of the jury (e.g., by creating sympathy for the client) while simultaneously conveying factual information. Whether or not it succeeds at either level is an empirical question that has yet to be thoroughly investigated.An issue of obvious importance in juror decision making is how well jurors retain the evidence presented to them during a trial. Overall, there is a substantial body of research indicating that printed media is better retained than material pre-1University of the Pacific.